Agile And Software Architecture A March Together

Agile and Software Architecture: A March Together Karsun Solutions LLC Sujatha Dantuluri 01.09.2017 Contents Abstract: 3 Definitions 4 Agile: 4 Enterprise Architecture: 4 Problem: 5 Solution 6 Zachman Framework and userstory mapping will help architecture evolution for the project 7 Togaf to establish Architecture process: 10 Conclusion: 13 References 13 Abstract: Notion of faster to market and changing rapidly to demands of the market has given boost to Agile. Agile promotes iterative delivery and design as go because of which many organizations are given a hand to agile and developers are doing architecture as they go into their iterations. Without proper architecture we will create silos and redundant†¦show more content†¦As stated by Togaf documentation, Architecture is classified as †¢ Business Architecture †¢ Data Architecture †¢ Applications Architecture †¢ Technology Architecture The combination of Data Architecture and Applications Architecture is also referred to as the Information Systems Architecture (The Open Group, 2011). Problem: It is very important to delivery software faster to the market and in most sophisticated manner. Agile has provided a promise faster to market and allows customer collaboration and agility to take change in requirements which facilitates development and delivery of product which is more up to date with stakeholder requirements. This provides biggest benefits of faster market, Agility and welcome to change. However Agile promotes smaller cycles of development and it needs features to be delivered iteratively. Agile promises faster and iterative delivery of project whereas Architecture provides foundation on which a software can be developed. While building complex software it is very important to define architecture properly. Modular approach and reuse makes it more complex increasing the need forShow MoreRelatedThe Original Waterfall Model Has A Foundation That Is Supported By Two Distinct Characteristics Essay1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe original Waterfall model has a foundation that is supported by two distinct characteristics. First, the methodology is rooted in the fact that that the software be developed in stages. â€Å"Originally created by Benington in 1956 and later modified by Royce in 1970, the quintessential Waterfall model is linear and sequential in evolution, typically with milestones at each phase of development. (Pavolka, 2005). 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Mission, Vision and Values Free Essays

Microsoft is an American multinational computer technology company which contributes greatly to the American economy through the revenue contribution. Microsoft is among the largest employer in US. The company is involved in development, manufacture, licensing of wide range of software products. We will write a custom essay sample on Mission, Vision and Values or any similar topic only for you Order Now Microsoft dominated the home-computer operating system market in the mid-1980s with Ms-Dos which was user unfriendly. In the recent past, Microsoft has dominated the operating system market with modern variety of software which is user friendly and this has contributed greatly to its growth. Microsoft best selling products include Microsoft Windows operating system and Microsoft Office group of productivity software (Peng and Heide, 1993). Microsoft is presently involved in sale of various products besides operating system and Microsoft Office suites. These products include entertainment in form of computer games, computer hardware products such as Microsoft mouse. Microsoft has been known for customer support through Usenet newsgroup and World Wide Web. Microsoft websites receives the highest number of customers as compared to other websites. This can be attributed to the friendly services offered by the company which is customer oriented. The products available from Microsoft Company can be used for either business of home use (Baillargeon, 1999; Peng and Heide, 1993). Microsoft company strategic plan is to dominate the computer software and hardware market by 2030 through production of efficient user friendly software. The Microsoft which faces a lot of criticism by many companies who claim that the company’s marketing tactics are forcing employees to be overworked while is using the software. Innovations made by the company hinder entry into the industry. Microsoft plan to monopolize the software industry through patent laws and manufacturing software that obey the command of the manufacturer rather than the user. Microsoft (MS) through software industry aim to dominate the international software market. The company aim to make a good name (Drejer, 2002; Weiss and Piderit, 1999). Microsoft company products attract customers internationally. Customers of Microsoft products are of all ages and due to the latest modification, the products can be used in business, home or both. Application software designed by the Microsoft are used for specific purposes and follow certain specifications depending on the type of organization. Microsoft manufactures it own computer games which are mainly used for home entertainment and their sale have greatly contributed to the rise in revenue accrued from sale (Peng and Heide, 1993). Microsoft vision is to have a positive impact on the world and its people. The company is committed in mobilizing resources all over the world to create opportunities where business can thrive and improve welfare through technological innovations provided by the company. Microsoft develops software and other Microsoft products that will stimulate development of computer literate society. Microsoft is committed to production computer professional who will stimulate development in the business industry. Microsoft vision is achieved through manufacture of updated versions of software that are easy to use and hence promote efficiency in any business that utilize products. Microsoft mission is to assist people each their potential. The company pursues its mission through donation of software, hardware funding and training to programs all over the world. Most individuals in various companies have ambition of becoming excellent in their career and this can only be achieved through acquiring complete and updated information in the specific area of specialization. The individual interests in line with career development are enhanced by the Microsoft Company availability of information concerning the use of hardware and software that are manufactured by the company. The company manufactures software which incase of problem in operation one can contact the manufacturer (Mathews, Dennis and Economy, 2003; Drejer, 2002). Microsoft company values are customer oriented and recognize the products customer as an employee. The values which are highly observed include; integrity, passion for technology, accountability, self-criticism and eagerness act on big challenges that are offered by the business environment. The company embraces change that is inevitable in every society through new technological innovations. Microsoft Company desires to dominate the software market through provision of products that will have positive impact on people and the world in general. The company dominion will encourage uniformity in various organizations through use of Microsoft products and this will promote achievement of the desired potential by individuals and companies. Strategic management should address the public criticism concerning the company products to be able to achieve the objectives of the strategic plan. Dominion in the market can only be achieved if the criticisms are addressed. Strategic plan depends on the leadership of the company. The culture of the company has been worldly known for customer support through Usenet and World Wide Web which enhance efficiency in other companies. Success of the strategic plan will have positive impact on most stakeholders especially the beneficiaries who accrue higher dividends from increased profits. However, competitors will incur decreased sales success of the plan will improve efficiency of the leadership in the company (Drejer, 2002; Weiss and Piderit, 1999). References Baillargeon, Emily (1999) â€Å"Seattle Now: a Letter.† New England Review. 20. 2, 111-148. Drejer, Anders (2002) Strategic Management and Core Competencies: Theory and Application. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Matthews, J., Dennis, Jeff and Economy, Peter (2003). Survival Skills for Starting and Growing a Company. New York: Oxford University Press. Peng, Chan, S. and Heide, Dorothy (1993) â€Å"Strategic Alliances in Technology: Key Competitive Weapon.† SAM Advanced Management Journal. 58, 11-56. Weiss, J. A .and Piderit, S. K. (1999) â€Å"The value of mission statement in public agencies.† Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9, 121-145.       How to cite Mission, Vision and Values, Essay examples

AHP-Based Approach to ERP System Selection

Question: Discuss about the Essay for AHP-Based Approach to ERP System Selection. Answer: Introduction The report presented below discusses the AHP based approach to Enterprise resource planning system selection for a Bioplus cosmetic company in Greek. The document is been prepared on the basis of the goal or objective of the company they wish to meet by the integration of Enterprise resource planning system. The document explains their proper implementation requirement such as the total amount, time, and the kind of functionality they are looking for, the flexibility and reliability of the system and other factors that will affect the company. The overall idea of presenting the report is to have an idea that how the ERP system in the Bioplus cosmetic company plays a critical role and why it is been required by the Bioplus cosmetic company. Goal The firms aim was to provide its mobile users, ranging from sales people to beauty advisors, with more varied and integrated mobile communication and collaboration services than had previously been the case (Asl et al., 2012). A further goal was to enable staff to access exactly the same services on the road as they could at head office, no matter where they happened to be in the world. Endeavor asset arranging in combination with the corporate capacities that differs from each other and utilizes data innovation (Enea Muriana, 2014). The primary target of small scale or large scale assembling organization's Enterprise Resource Planning is tracking the network of the store; estimate the stock of the company and to manage the stocks and track the last shipment of the goods (Lee et al., 2012). If the organization follows this method this can enhance the sharing of the data and cooperate with the practical and the corporate boundary. ERP System Selection For the choice of the ERP framework the business procedure environment must understood. The ERP selection proceduce is a coordinated arrangement of projects that give backing to center business procedures, for example, generation, information and yield logistics, fund and bookkeeping, deals and showcasing and asset (Asl et al., 2012). As it were, an ERP framework is the data spine of an association and ventures into all regions of the business and quality chain (Oztaysi, 2014). Since it has a long and problematic implementation procedure, and is a very expensive investment, due to the high costs and risks in this systems it is important to select an ERP that adapt with organization requirements, selection is a complex process that need identification criteria and choosing a suitable and reliable approach for select an alternative from the available options. On the other hand the failure of an ERP project can cause the negative effects on organizational processes and bring irreparable damage for organization (Shen, Chen, Wang, 2016). An effective ERP venture includes supervision of the business process, selection of Enterprise Resource Programming and an agent commercial, actualizing this business process, and looking at the rationality of the new business process (Wang, Lin, Wang, 2013). Inferable from the multifaceted nature of the business situation the constraints in easy to get to the assets, and the differences of ERP options. Hence, it is important to make a healthy selection about which ERP fits the organization the most (Asl et al., 2012). The report presents a technique for selecting an appropriate ERP framework in light of fuzzy logic. This model has 3 inputs and 1 output. We use triangular fuzzy membership function for each criterion. Three criteria: functionality, cost and vendor support to evaluate the alternatives was presented. PriEsTis an acronym for 'Priority Estimation Tool' which is open-sourcedecision-making softwarethat implements theAnal ytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) method - a comprehensive framework for decision problems. PriEsTcan assist decision makers in prioritizing the options available in a given scenario (Chou et al., 2014). Criteria Recently many works in ERP selection is proposed, some of those presented a set of factors that important for ERP selection and a few of those presented methods based on mathematic approaches, fuzzy logic and AHP (Enea Muriana, 2014). In this section we introduce this works. Seven criteria for ERP selection in Bioplus cosmetic company is introduced. Some of those are (Reliability and Functionality) based on quality metrics in software and some of those are related to organization for example, cost, convenience, simplicity of customization and simplicity of usage and merchant notoriety is criteria for the company (Hasibuan Dantes, 2012). The criteria for ERP selection introduces functionality, reliability, fit with business process of organization, cost, level of customization, vendor support, compatibility, availability, vendor reputation, technology, module integration, fit with parent/allied organization system. This work has not an approach for ERP selection, only introduced criteria that important in ERP selection is presented in the report. In the proposed report an approach for selecting suitable ERP for organization based on AHP (Mijovic et al., 2016) is proposed for selecting the suitable ERP for an organization based on AHP. This method assigned adds weights to the criteria, and finally the ERP software is selected from the created hierarchy (Asl et al., 2012). Bioplus cosmetic company identifies 9 attributes like execution time, costs, and usefulness, ease of use, adaptability, unwavering quality, seller notoriety, merchant specialized ability, and merchant management. An investigation is done to assess the progress of the system to identify the effectiveness of application of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The AHP and the numbers of fuzzy are used for selecting a suitable ERP for Bioplus cosmetic company. Their criteria are: maintenance cost, vendor good reputation, R and D capability, training performance, infrastructure cost, ease to in- house development, recovery ability, integration of legacy systems, vendor support, license fee, maintenance cost, vendor consulting performance, capability for the technical support, ability to upgrade, integration with ease, completion of the module, utility, security level, fitness, stability, easy of operations, ease to learn, standardization, ease to maintain (Saini, Nigam Misra, 2013). In this report a fuzzy logic approach for ERP selection is proposed. In this method they used 27 criteria such as: trust in the ERP framework, measured quality, possibility of the application of arrangement in industry, believability of the framework, incorporation ability of the ERP with the current Information Security/Information Technology, instinct of the Enterprise Resource Planning framework, adjustment of the Enterprise Resource Planning according to the present needs of the framework, capacity of the Enterprise Resource Planning framework to offer data on time, programming costs, counsel costs, support costs, equipment prerequisites, expert group necessities, high normal usage time, parameter multifaceted nature, venture arranging, probability of dispassionately characterizing the ideas, worker proceeding with training, normal age of the faculty, proceeding with instruction of the basic leadership bunch, proposals/suggestions made by the clients, customary authoritative society, many-sided quality of the hierarchical structure, superior, numb er of representatives/organization size, conventional hierarchical technique, intricacy of hierarchical procedures (Asl et al., 2012). In the utilized information envelopment investigation to assess mid-level ERP bundles. They used a broad investigation of the accessible elements and capacities and execution of different mid-level bundles in these elements and capacities (Silva et al., 2013). As to examination, the accompanying criteria were utilized: administration and encourage, preparing, adaptability, usage adaptability, mix, producing process, center financials, acquiring and deals, human asset process, global expense bolster, normal expense of bundles, support charges, preparing charges and normal execution (Wang, Lin, Wang, 2013). Multi-criteria supplier selection method is used in an analytic hierarchy process model to ERP selection. They used 4 criteria: strategic fitness, function and technology, vendors reputation and vendors ability. Fuzzy logic is used for the selection of the ERP model. In this method, recommended ERP bundles and sellers were looked at by a Fuzzy-AHP framework (Asl et al., 2012). Total Cost Price The implementation of ERP system in a large scale enterprise is very costly that may be up to millions of dollars. The cost of ERP implementation varies with the size of the company. Costs scale with company size (Refer to appendix) The quantity of clients and applications required for the most part correspond with the span of the business: Larger organizations ordinarily have more clients who need to get to the framework, and require more applications and more notable usefulness (Asl et al., 2012). The greater number of user accessing the system with more complexity in the system increases the price of the ERP system software. For a specialized business process, customization can be made for example if the company needs to launch a new product and change the manufacturing details the software must be flexible to change (Enea Muriana, 2014). The major question for choosing an ERP system for a business looking for new Enterprise Resource Planning software is to deploy a cloud based or on premise ERP system. The company can implement two types of ERP system and the pricing of both the system is different, the cloud based ERP system is available on the basis of subscription of billed per user per month (Kapp, Latham, Ford-Latham, 2016). The on premise systems are sold to the customer with a perpetual license. Figure 1: Cost of Implementation of ERP (Source: Katerattanakul et al., 2014, pp- 190) Maintenance Cost Depending on the trade, upkeep and backing might be incorporated, or may cost additional. With an on-reason arrangement, clients should even now pay yearly backing and support costs that keep running somewhere around 10 and 20 percent of the first permitting expense (Asl et al., 2012). Implementation Time Timeframe for the implementation of ERP in the Bioplus cosmetic company: Time period to project If there is a need of integration of another system in the current scenario the time frame would be increased. The phases of an ERP project are as follows: Time taken Phases 1-3 weeks Requirement analysis and specification 3-6 weeks Prototyping or setting up the ERP system for testing purpose 8-14 weeks Implementation or testing of the configured ERP system and development continues. 3-6 weeks User acceptance test and training to use the system Few days Live phase 1-2 weeks Live support Table 1: Implementation Time (Source: Created by Author) Functionality The use of the ERP in business can provide better control in the billing section of the customers and the sellers (Mijovic et al., 2016). The ERP has the ability to automatically handle the process and a better financial, operational and control over the accounts in the billing and the receivables. The Enterprise Resource Planning is also used for the accomplishment of the assigned task with the integration of the information system that causes a flawless flow of the data throughout the departments. An automated business process is very helpful for the management of the company (Oztaysi, 2014). As the Enterprise Resource Planning works on the basic rules of input and output in information technology it is also used as a MIS (management information system). An organization is treated as a single entity under the Enterprise Resource Planning (Asl et al., 2012). It caters the needs of the information in the organization as information plays the key resource of the organization to be the winner in the competitive market. The ERP structure gives important, precise and expediency data to all divisions on one programming structure (Saini, Nigam, Misra, 2013). The principle of the Enterprise resource planning is that the data can be upgraded at any instance. In Enterprise Resource Planning, the user can get answer to any question by posting an enquiry; the answer is imported from the office database (Asl et al., 2012). Computer programming is used to outline the business process of the company and work according with the needs of the client. ERP gives additionally all money related examination under fund modules and agree to India's and other universal bookkeeping benchmarks. ERP framework can without much of a stretch use in, social insurance, Government, budgetary, retail and other administration parts (Silva et al., 2013). System Flexibility Upgrade Ability The ERP system can be upgraded according to the user requirement such as: Illogical and unnecessary requirements Change in implementation and design of architecture Involvement of organization needs Uncertain need of consumer Demand in market place Change in shareholders expectations Ahead leap up or competitive catch up Change of priorities requirements The ERP system can be upgraded according to the change in technology and the developmental process of the company like Platform delivery External components interfaces Components change in third party Change in software development technologies and methodologies New and advanced technologies exploitation Old technology termination Up gradation in automotive technology Ease of Integration The company implemented the enterprise resource planning system to manage all the vital levels to enhance their communication (Zeng Skibniewski, 2013). It works as a management tool for a company where it implements their different departments and functions in the enterprise resource planning system. The department can be marketing, sales, purchasing, finance, etc (Asl et al., 2012). For an example, for a Bioplus cosmetic company each different department is responsible for managing their own system to make sure that they outline their tasks separately. But when the ERP system is been integrated in the company then each department can share the data and communicate effectively. One of the important benefits of integrating ERP system is the customer relationship management which is developed and designed to help the cosmetic business to enhance and maintain their customer information with accuracy (Hasibuan Dantes, 2012). System Reliability Undertaking measured organizations have it really simple as to ERP arrangements, in any event as far as unwavering quality. There are just 3 merchants to look over, and every one of the three are accustomed to managing extensive customers who expect only the best (Asl et al., 2012). SMBs have a much bigger field to browse as far as sellers to work with, however a littler possibility of getting a dependable item. SMBs need to do somewhat more footwork to ensure they wind up with an answer that works best for them. Reputation Financial Condition The finance module of an ERP system is used to gather the data regarding the finance and generate the reports such as trial balance data, quarterly statement of finance, overall balance sheet and generation of ledger reports in Bioplus cosmetic company. ERP software solution is used mainly in industry to manage the various business conditions. The information made accessible through an enterprise resource planning framework gives deceivability to key execution pointers required for meeting corporate destinations. Enterprise resource planning programming applications can be utilized to oversee item arranging, buy parts, keep up and monitor inventories, interface with suppliers, give client administration, and track orders. Scale of Vendor Choosing the right system for the implementation of the ERP in the Bioplus cosmetic company is a critical task for the company. Selecting the right vendor can help the company to develop at a rapid rate. The ERP system solutions are not available to the company as readymade software solution (Enea Muriana, 2014). The company has to make some tweaks on the choose ERP software to meet their requirement and the business that is looking to implement ERP software in their system must identify its needs and choose the vendor accordingly (Asl et al., 2012). Market Share There is a huge growth in the ERP system in the year 2013, the market share of ERP software grew to 3.8% in one year. In the year 2012 the worldwide ERP software market grew 3.8% from $24.4B in 2012 to $25.4B in 2013. SAP retained their market leadership position in 2013, selling $6.1B in ERP software up from $6B in 2012 (Kapp, Latham, Ford-Latham, 2016). Oracle is second with $3.117B in sales in 2013, down .2% from 2012s sales of $3.124B. Sage is third with $1.5B in sales in 2013, Infor is fourth with $1.5B in sales, and Microsoftis fifth with $1.169B in sales in 2013. The following graphic shows worldwide ERP software market share for 2013. Please click on the graphic to expand for easier reading (Asl et al., 2012). Alternatives Microsoft Dynamics NAV As part of Bioplus cosmetic company vision to create a single, integrated technology platform, it introduced Microsoft Dynamics NAV ERP system to run its key business operations. The next step was to move to cloud-based Office365, which saved the firm significant amounts of money in hardware, support and upgrade costs. Its subsequent migration to Lync, which was integrated with SharePoint and Exchange, supported further business growth by enabling enterprise-wide communication and collaboration for both road warriors and remote users (Kilic, Zaim, Delen, 2015). SAP The Bioplus cosmetic company picked in the report creates, delivers, and markets contemporary, moderate restorative and cleanliness items. To bring its clients and suppliers nearer together and make more esteem for all gatherings, the firm can execute SAP (Software Application Program) Advanced Planning and Optimization a segment of the SAP Supply Chain Management application and focused on a progression of new procedures. Impressive reserve funds have come about, making ready for comparative measures in different territories (Asl et al., 2012). SAP is an ERP bundle and is utilized as a part of the vast majority of the business organizations. Singular Logic Business ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is the key system in a business organization that helps in the seamless operation of the systems and it also makes the executive managers to take decision quickly (Mijovic et al., 2016). Singular Logic Business ERP has an important role in the reek market and it offers Business solution for an enterprise of different sizes. The ERP package offered by the company is based on its own products integrated with international platforms (Lee et al., 2012). The software is integrated as a bundle and it ensures a good quality of service giving a high end satisfaction to the client. The requirement of the customers is meeting and the specified needs are also fulfilled, the singular Logic Business ERP is used in public sectors to customize the solution in a large scale. Conclusion This report concludes that an AHP based approach is used to find out which ERP system is valuable for a Greek Bioplus cosmetic company. The report presented above find out that the cloud based ERP system is the right solution for the Bioplus cosmetic company. The report provides an overall conclusion of the other aspects of ERP integration in the company. The decision making tool PriEsT is also been discussed in this report and its importance. The overall idea of the reports is to provide the detailed information about the ERP implementation in the Bioplus cosmetic company. References Almajali, D. A., Masa'deh, R. E., Tarhini, A. (2016). Antecedents of ERP Systems Implementation Success: A Study on Jordanian Healthcare Sector. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 29(4). Asl, M. B., Khalilzadeh, A., Youshanlouei, H. R., Mood, M. M. (2012). Identifying and ranking the effective factors on selecting Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system using the combined Delphi and Shannon Entropy approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, 513-520. Bernroider, E. W., Wong, C. W., Lai, K. H. (2014). From dynamic capabilities to ERP enabled business improvements: The mediating effect of the implementation project. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), 350-362. Chandrakumar, T., Parthasarathy, S. (2016). An approach to estimate the size of ERP package using package points. Computer Standards Interfaces, 47, 100-107. Chou, H. W., Lin, Y. H., Lu, H. S., Chang, H. H., Chou, S. B. (2014). Knowledge sharing and ERP system usage in post-implementation stage. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 16-22. Enea, M., Muriana, C. (2014). An AHPbased approach to PMISs assessment. International Journal of Business Environment, 7(1), 32-60. Hasibuan, Z. A., Dantes, G. R. (2012). Priority of key success factors (KSFs) on enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation life cycle. Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning Studies, 2012, 1. Hung, W. H., Ho, C. F., Jou, J. J., Kung, K. H. (2012). Relationship bonding for a better knowledge transfer climate: An ERP implementation research. Decision Support Systems, 52(2), 406-414. Kapp, K. M., Latham, W. F., Ford-Latham, H. (2016).Integrated learning for ERP success: A learning requirements planning approach. CRC press. Katerattanakul, P., J. Lee, J., Hong, S. (2014). Effect of business characteristics and ERP implementation on business outcomes: An exploratory study of Korean manufacturing firms. Management Research Review, 37(2), 186-206. Kazemi, A., Saeidi, S. R., Azizmohammadi, M. (2014). Selecting an ERP system using multi-criteria decision making method: a goal programming and fuzzy approach. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 16(1), 55-71. Kilic, H. S., Zaim, S., Delen, D. (2015). Selecting The Best ERP system for SMEs using a combination of ANP and PROMETHEE methods. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(5), 2343-2352. Lee, S., Kim, W., Kim, Y. M., Oh, K. J. (2012). Using AHP to determine intangible priority factors for technology transfer adoption. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(7), 6388-6395. MijoviĆ¡, P., KoviĆ¡, V., De Vos, M., MaÄ uÃ…Â ¾iĆ¡, I., JeremiĆ¡, B., GligorijeviĆ¡, I. (2016). Benefits of Instructed Responding in Manual Assembly Tasks: An ERP Approach.Frontiers in human neuroscience,10. Molnr, B., Szab, G., Benczr, A. (2013). Selection Process of ERP Systems. Business Systems Research, 4(1), 36-48. Oztaysi, B. (2014). A decision model for information technology selection using AHP integrated TOPSIS-Grey: The case of content management systems. Knowledge-Based Systems, 70, 44-54. Saini, S., Nigam, S., Misra, S. C. (2013). Identifying success factors for implementation of ERP at Indian SMEs: A comparative study with Indian large organizations and the global trend. Journal of Modelling in Management, 8(1), 103-122. Shen, Y. C., Chen, P. S., Wang, C. H. (2016). A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach. Computers in Industry, 75, 127-139. Shitkova, M., vom Brocke, J., Riedl, R. (2015). Choice of a NeuroIS Tool: An AHP-Based Approach. In Information Systems and Neuroscience (pp. 51-58). Springer International Publishing. Silva, J. P., Gonalves, J. J., Fernandes, J. A., Cunha, M. M. (2013, June). Criteria for ERP selection using an AHP approach. In 2013 8th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Vahidi, J., SalooKolayi, D. D., Yavari, A. (2014). A model for selecting an ERP system with triangular Fuzzy numbers and Mamdani inference. J. Math. Comput. Sci, 9, 46-54. Wang, M. L., Lin, H. F., Wang, K. W. (2013). The Application of AHP in Biotechnology Industry with ERP KSF Implementation. In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (pp. 565-574). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Zeng, Y. R., Wang, L., Xu, X. H. (2015). An integrated model to select an ERP system for Chinese small-and medium-sized enterprise under uncertainty. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 1-21. Zeng, Y., Skibniewski, M. J. (2013). Risk assessment for enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementations: a fault tree analysis approach.Enterprise Information Systems,7(3), 332-353.

When Bad Things Happen To Good People Essays - Religion, Theodicy

When Bad Things Happen To Good People Is There a Real ?God? Rick Raisch 2nd Hour 5/17/00 Ideative Essay On: When Bad Things Happen to Good People There have been many times in life when I have turned to a ?God? with problems and wanted answers or solutions and received nothing. When this happens I take the time to reflect and ask myself, ?Why, when I do some many good things, do I not receive any answers or solutions to my problems The book When Bad Things Happen to Good People, written by Harold S. Kushner, has brought some answers to my problems. This book explained and help clarify why even though I am not a bad person, that sometimes bad things are bound to happen. When Kushner wrote this book I feel that the meaning of his writings were that God does not mean to punish us, he just means to test us and present us with problems and see how we react to them. As put best he wrote, ?The God I believe in does not send us the problem; he gives us the strength to cope with it.?(127). Kushner makes many references to the bible and his belief in a higher power, ?God?. I personally may not think there can be one and only one God but I do believe in a higher being or power and I like how Kushner makes sure to point out that he is not calling it the God but ?his? God. It shows an almost non-biast opinion and it shows a lot of respect towards all groups of people. I remember one time specifically when my great-grandpa recently passed away I turned to God for answers. Instead of getting an answer I got more problems. My great-grandma and grandma both had strokes, my long-standing girlfriend and I broke up, my parents got split up and divorced, along with all of the other normal problems that go on in live that we, as humans, have learned to expect in everyday life. My belief in one and only one ?God? diminished. I felt that there was no one up there looking out for me and then in reading this book answered a bunch of my questions on why ?God? didn't give me any specific answers. It showed me that perhaps God has given me the strength to move on and realize that everything will go on and how to cope with everything . Kushner also had a good point in saying that, ?Could it be that God does not cause bad things that happen to us?.....but rather stands ready to help them(29-30). I agree with what he is saying in this quote. My God helped me through those rough times just like his God helped him through everything that was going on with his son. Even though the person that meant the most to him was suffering of a bad disease, and eventually passed away, he trusted in God and understood what God was doing and that everything that happened was a test and made things better in the long run. He understood and helped me understand that God does everything for a reason and has a ?master plan? that he wants each of us to abide by and to follow. This book gave me a lot of insight on life and what everything means to me and what I should expect with life. Even though I do not believe in the same God as Kushner, I still believe that there is a more powerful being up there watching over us and making sure th at we are ready to experience an enlightening afterlife. I thought that Kushner did a good job of not offending me in the fact that he had a wider opinion on God and his beliefs and not being narrow-minded about the fact that people are different in their opinions.

How to Build Writing Skills in Students With Dyslexia

How to Build Writing Skills in Students With Dyslexia When you think of the word dyslexia reading problems immediately come to mind but many students with dyslexia struggle with writing as well. Dysgraphia, or written expression disorder, impacts handwriting, the spacing of letters and sentences, omitting letters in words, the lack of punctuation and grammar when writing and difficulty organizing thoughts on paper. The following resources should help you better understand dysgraphia and work with students to improve writing skills. Understanding Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Dyslexia and dysgraphia are both neurological based learning disabilities but both have specific symptoms. Its important to learn the symptoms, types of dysgraphia, and treatment options. Dyslexia impacts writing skills in many ways. Students with dyslexia show a significant difference between what they can tell you verbally and what they are able to convey on paper. They may have trouble with spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sequencing. Some may have dysgraphia as well as dyslexia. Knowing how this learning disability affects writing can help you develop specific strategies for working to improve writing skills. Teaching Students With Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Once understood, you can make some accommodations in the classroom to help improve writing and learning in students with written expression disorder. For example, experimenting with different kinds of pens can help you find what is most comfortable for your student, and improve legibility. Written assignments completed by students with dyslexia are often filled with spelling and grammar errors, and the handwriting is sometimes illegible, causing a teacher to think the student is lazy or unmotivated. A plan of action provides a step-by-step approach for organizing thoughts and information to help make the writing process easier. when teaching writing skills to students with dyslexia. Ideas for Lesson Plans Arm yourself with specific strategies to incorporate into your daily teaching that will help you work with students with dyslexia and dysgraphia improve their writing skills. One suggestion is to put away the red pen when grading papers and use a more neutral color to avoid the student becoming discouraged when seeing all the red marks when you return an assignment. Building Sequencing Skills: From the time we are very young, we learn to complete tasks in a specific way, such as tying shoes or using long division. If we do the task out of order, the end result is often wrong or doesnt make any sense. Sequencing skills are used in writing as well, making our written information make sense to the reader. This is often an area of weakness for children with dyslexia. Students with dyslexia can frequently see the big picture but have trouble understanding the steps it takes to get there. Plan a lesson requiring students to take parts of an event or story and put them in the correct, chronological order.Journal Writing: Helps students in middle school practice writing skills by keeping a daily journal. Writing prompts are given each morning or as a homework assignment and students write a few paragraphs. Varying the writing prompts helps students practice different types of writing, for example, one prompt might require descriptive writing and one mig ht require persuasive writing. Once a week or every other week, students choose a journal entry to edit and revise. Create a Classroom Book: This lesson can be used from 1st through 8th grade and gives you the opportunity to teach social lessons as well as writing lessons. As you complete classroom books, put them in your classroom library for students to read again and again, helping them learn about and become more tolerant of one anothers differences.Writing Newspaper Articles: This project not only works on informative writing skills, but it fosters cooperation by teaching students to work together to create a classroom newspaper.Outline Writing Prompt: Teachers often give students writing prompts to help generate writing ideas, however, students with dyslexia may need additional assistance in organizing information. Provide a step-by-step guide that goes through the process of putting together an outline that organizes information.

University of the District of Columbia Admissions Data

University of the District of Columbia Admissions Data University of the District of Columbia Description: The University of the District of Columbia is a historically black, public university located in Washington, D.C. (learn about other D.C. colleges). It is the only public university in the District of Columbia and one of the few urban land grant institutions in the United States. The nine-acre main campus is situated in northwest D.C., just a short distance from many of the Washington metropolitan area’s cultural and recreational offerings. UDC offers more than 75 degree programs for undergraduate and graduate students, including popular programs in business administration, accounting, biology and administration of justice. The university is especially proud of its education program, including its Center for Urban Education. Academics are supported by a 14 to 1 student / faculty ratio. The university also includes the UDC Community College, a branch of the university that grants associate’s degrees, and the David A. Clarke School of Law. Campus life is active at UDC, wi th more than 50 student clubs including the Aviation Student Association and Video Game Association, and a host of fraternities and sororities. The UDC Firebirds field ten men’s and women’s varsity athletic teams in the NCAA Division II East Coast Conference. Admissions Data (2016): UDC Acceptance Rate: -University of the District of Columbia has open admissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -Whats a good SAT score?ACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -Whats a good ACT score? Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 4,318  (3,950 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 43% Male / 57% Female46% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $5,612  (in-state); $11,756 (out-of-state)Books: $1,280  (why so much?)Room and Board: $16,425Other Expenses: $4,627Total Cost: $27,944  (in-state); $34,088 (out-of-state) University of the District of Columbia Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 75%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 65%Loans: 30%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,756Loans: $5,530 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Corrections, Economics, Graphic Design, Health Education, Social Work Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 56%Transfer-out Rate: 30%4-Year Graduation Rate: 13%6-Year Graduation Rate: 33% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Lacrosse, BasketballWomens Sports:  Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Lacrosse, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like the University of DC, You May Also Like These Schools: Virginia State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDelaware State University: Profile  George Washington University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVirginia Union University: Profile  American University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGeorge Mason University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTennessee State University: Profile  Clark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphShaw University: Profile  Norfolk State University: Profile   University of the District of Columbia Mission Statement: mission statement from  udc.edu/about/history-mission/ The University of the District of Columbia is a pacesetter in urban education that offers affordable and effective undergraduate, graduate, professional, and workplace learning opportunities. The institution is the premier gateway to postsecondary education and research for all residents of the District of Columbia. As a public, historically black, and land-grant institution, the University’s responsibility is to build a diverse generation of competitive, civically engaged scholars and leaders.

Logic in Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Logic in Argument - Essay Example Innovative leaders actively seek means of increasing communication and breaking down interdepartmental barriers between the management and the workers. The actions of doing so range from recreation spaces where open forums can be used for making presentations to physical designing of work. Forums, for example, not only improve the workers’ technical communication, but also make them aware of the skills, achievements and progress of their peer competitors. Such an environment instills the need for creativity through critical thinking (Klemm, 2012). Overspecialization is one way that hinders creative thought. An organizational team with members from diverse backgrounds creates an intellectual environment that has the potential to promote development. An environment with diverse minds has a broad perspective of evaluating problems and getting new ways to the best solutions. Moreover, new projects arise from a combination of technical skills and creativity (klemm, 2012). Bill Simon is one leader who has shown the above-mentioned critical thinking skills. He has been the CEO of Wal-Mart USA stores until his retirement on August this year. Simon joined the company in 2006 as the vice president in charge of professional services. Between 2007 and 2010, he was the chief operating officer. During this period, he created and launched the $4 prescription drug package. In 2010, Simon, made a huge turn around by correcting mistakes in merchandise and pricing. He also restored several items that the company had stopped produced and also succeeded in offering low

Inter-generational equity demands that no current expenditure be Essay

Inter-generational equity demands that no current expenditure be financed by loan and that all capital expenditure be financed by loan. Explain and assess thi - Essay Example In other words those generations that take benefit from public spending should also bear the cost of such benefit. The rule of fairness matches the cost and benefits of public spending between generations. In 1997 a golden rule of public finance, that over the cycle, government borrowings should not exceed net government capital formation and hence current spending should be financed by current receipts, was adopted by the government. Application of this golden rule draws a distinction between Capital and current spending. It is clearly understood that the benefit of ‘Capital’ spending may spread over the generations, whereas ‘Current’ spending is for current consumption to be benefited only by current generation. Therefore the current consumption or expenditure must be controlled tightly so that its financial burden does not spread to next generation. This principle works only in approximation as certain overflows are not ruled out. Not all but some benefits of expenditure on infrastructural, institutional and cultural capital investments will pass on to next generation. The ‘benefiter-pays’ rationale of inter-generational equity requires that each generation should pay for the resources it uses. The principal of fairness coupled with ‘benefiter pays’ rule suggests that the entire capital expenditure should not be financed through borrowings, as some benefits of capital expenditure are also being derived by current generation. Accordingly some burden of capital expenditure should be shared by current generation in order to meet the objectives of ‘inter-generational equity’. While defining ‘Inter-generational equity’, Earth & Peace Educational Associates International (EPE) has observed that, ‘each generation has the right to inherit the same diversity in natural and cultural resources as enjoyed by previous

Steve Jobs - Leadership Essay Example for Free

Steve Jobs Leadership Essay

Free Essays - Superstitutions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Superstitutions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Jim and Huck use and believe in many superstitions.   There are many examples from the book, that show this in the characters.   Most of the superstitions are very ridiculous, but some actually make a little sense.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huck seen a spider was crawling on his shoulder and he flipped it off and it landed in a lit candle.   It shriveled up and died.   Huck said it would fetch him some awful bad luck.   He got up and turned around three times and crossed his breast every time.   Then he tied up a little lock of his hair with a thread to keep witches away.   He says that the ritual he did was for losing a found horseshoe and did not know if it would work. These superstitions and remedies seem pretty far fetched and it is hard to say where they originated, but I would have to say they originated down South.   I think it originated down south because I am from up North and I have never heard any one speak of those superstitions.   Huck believes in these probably because he grew up with them and they were always taught to him and he is so ignorant he does not know better.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One morning Huck turned over the salt-cellar at breakfast.   He went to throw the salt- cellar over his left shoulder to cancel the bad luck, but Miss Watson stopped him.   All day he wondered when something would fall on him and what it would be.   This all implies that Huck thinks something is going to fall on him, because of his accident.   I have heard about bad luck from spilling salt so I think this Superstition started in the North or maybe it was just popular and spread quickly.   I do not believe there is hardly any fact at all to this.   Huck believes in this probably because of the way he grew up.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jim said when young chickens flew a yard or two at a time and lighting it was a sign that it was going to rain.   He thought if birds did it, it would be the same.   Also Jim said if you caught one of them you Free Essays - Superstitutions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays Superstitutions in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Jim and Huck use and believe in many superstitions.   There are many examples from the book, that show this in the characters.   Most of the superstitions are very ridiculous, but some actually make a little sense.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huck seen a spider was crawling on his shoulder and he flipped it off and it landed in a lit candle.   It shriveled up and died.   Huck said it would fetch him some awful bad luck.   He got up and turned around three times and crossed his breast every time.   Then he tied up a little lock of his hair with a thread to keep witches away.   He says that the ritual he did was for losing a found horseshoe and did not know if it would work. These superstitions and remedies seem pretty far fetched and it is hard to say where they originated, but I would have to say they originated down South.   I think it originated down south because I am from up North and I have never heard any one speak of those superstitions.   Huck believes in these probably because he grew up with them and they were always taught to him and he is so ignorant he does not know better.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One morning Huck turned over the salt-cellar at breakfast.   He went to throw the salt- cellar over his left shoulder to cancel the bad luck, but Miss Watson stopped him.   All day he wondered when something would fall on him and what it would be.   This all implies that Huck thinks something is going to fall on him, because of his accident.   I have heard about bad luck from spilling salt so I think this Superstition started in the North or maybe it was just popular and spread quickly.   I do not believe there is hardly any fact at all to this.   Huck believes in this probably because of the way he grew up.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jim said when young chickens flew a yard or two at a time and lighting it was a sign that it was going to rain.   He thought if birds did it, it would be the same.   Also Jim said if you caught one of them you

The Handmaids Tale Foreword

The Handmaids tale Foreword: In an age of consumerism and commercialization, the younger generations are demanding fast satisfaction and instant returns. They want see and own within a couple of taps on their screens which are specialized, personalized, made to meet their every demand. We are in an age where possessions define you. The commercial world loves us and consequently mass production and competition increases happily. Un-till we stop to ask, what costs do these freedoms come? Recently portrayed on the big screen The Handmaids Tale shouts out a universal and timeless message .As warning to us, Margaret Atwood presents the inconvenient truths about the ways in which we live our lives today. Dystopian totalitarian government, Gilead offers prime grounds for Atwood’s ironic and controversial comment . The novel paints a picture of a world undone by pollution, infertility, environmental degradation, declining birthrates and the dangers of nuclear power. It is a classic Re flection of the original production era, the 1980’s, in which the understanding of humanities environmental footprint went commercialGilead is set in a time where life had become so licentious that the morally aggrieved have overthrown, this in just over a decade. The similarities to reality in this novel lead the reader on a confronting journey, both of discovery and realization, positioning them to question society and all that is our normality. Living under the fundamentalist Gilead Ian regime, the commoner is stripped from all that they own and once lived for. It is a society in which freedom has been replaced by control.Due to a drastic decline in fertility rates, the few fertile woman left, are now treated as communal property and are selected for the role of womb, classified as ‘Handmaids’. Women find themselves no longer allowed to read, work, own property, or handle money. Consequently they are entrapped in a system, which defines them by their role: wom b, wife, prostitute, and servant. Various commanders move handmaids from house to house for fertilization and childbirth is miraculous. Reaping the benefits of this rarity are those in power .The rare commodity of a baby is distributed to the commander and his wife. Confronting and contrasting our ways of life today, Atwood evolves a threatening statement about the system. This ‘story’, discusses the social expectations that dominate our lives . In a fictional tale not dissimilar to history, it embodies the timeless tune of human nature. Painting a disturbingly graphic picture of the future and has her audience left appreciating all that we take for granted every day.Through the eyes of handmaid, Offred, we are transported into a totalitarian fundamentalist regime. Offred hangs on those who poison her existence. She has been stripped down to Breeding for breath. Passively resisting the regime Offred in her self is a comment on what it is that truly empowers us. Through off red’s circumstances Atwood has us asking the questions. What is the repercussion of our becoming so acquainted with freedom, that we stop fighting for it? What will the remedy be for when we finally are forced into facing the inconvenient truth?Through entertaining the ethical dilemmas of today, Atwood asks how we will work in solving the problems we are currently making for ourselves. All fundamental issues that the younger generations, the future leaders of our world need to be ware. A theocratic government, which demands false dichotomy, patriotism and ultimately Christian fundamentalism. The themes of this novel are Parallels with the monstrosities we are facing today, consequently presenting us with some disturbing realizations about reality.Presented in a fictional format this book is similar to the healthy version of a mud cake. Juicy, gooey, sweet and enticing, only unlike the pulp fiction today’s audiences crave, this piece of work leaves you thinking. The story hangs on the realities of our world. Yes the world is changing. Will there be anyone left soon from the liberation eras to endorse, and let us understand how to fight for our rights? Will the future of our world know how? I can only imagine these were Atwood’s questions when she set out in writing this prophetic piece. This is her legacy.This is how she answered the question. This is education, reaching out to the masses like someone able to speak a universal language . She has caused the problems in the hope that we will change. Such powerful words of warning becoming more relevant as time goes on, this novel will stand the tests of time and live throughout the 21st century. Atwood remarkably, is able to offer a confronting and ultimate insight into the society today, all this without one generically boring statistics. This is an Ultimately Disturbing dystopia that leaves its audiences captivated by the possibilities.

Business Plan for Grab-N-Go Snax Essay

II. Executive Summary & General Company Description Grab-N-Go Snax are a selection of prepackaged, single serving snack foods which will be sold out of food carts conveniently located around the core downtown Portland business district. Our new enterprise caters to the need for downtown office and business workers to gain quick and easy access to healthy breakfast, break and lunch snack food options. Grab-N-Go Snax offers a wide selection of high quality fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy, grain and gluten-free products. Products are cleaned, cut, portioned, packaged in re-sealable recyclable packaging and refrigerated for immediate consumption. To augment our name brand product selection, we’ll offer a variety of products in this category offered by other name brand companies, such as granola bars, trail mix, bottled water, fruit juices and energy drinks. To start, activities of the business will include stationary food cart vending in the high activity food cart vending groups, called ‘PODS’. Supplemental activities of the business will be to participate in special events vending. Special events include city wide water front events, Saturday Market, sporting events and holiday celebration activities. In a preparation area that will be set up for processing, packaging, and storing food products, work will be done each day to prepare products for delivery. Products for the day’s sales will be transported in refrigerated storage containers to the food carts early each morning. Vendor services will stock their carts and displays in preparation of opening for business. Customers and passer-bys will notice the brightly lit awning, colorful displays, smells of fresh fruit and sounds of nature in a clean environment open early in the morning for their convenience. They will see a wide selection of food items for breakfast, or to eat later for workday snacks. Customers can grab items for purchase for themselves from the on-board displays or refrigerated cases. Vendor services will scan the UPC codes and processes the sale quickly via POS system. For the future of the business, it is our plan to promote the sale of our own Grab-N-Go Snax name brand product selection through refrigerated vending machines, fitness health clubs and in-office delivery. Our catering services will accommodate the need for refreshments during company meetings and parties to businesses in and around the core downtown area. Our goal is to develop a strong business model, brand name and reputation so that as the business continues to grow into other locations and communities, becoming more recognizable, we can develop Grab-N-Go Snax into an operation that can be franchised. We like the flexibility a LLC provides to allow the option to hire professional management that would not necessarily be owners. This would allow us to offer employees (potential new franchisees) the opportunity to learn the ropes of the business and experience what it might be like to operate their own Grab-N-Go Snax food cart before they make the decision to invest in our business as a franchisee. III. Qualifications My background of working downtown Portland for the past 30 years and being a customer of a lot of the food carts in the downtown area has provided me with the drive to make this unique business concept a true success story among the growing trend of food carts here. I have worked as Administrative Assistant to Directors of companies and Project Manager and coordinator for projects that required budgeting, multi-tasking and attention to detail. My strengths are with organization, human relations, patience and dedication. Besides devoting a lot of my own funds that will go into this venture that I believe in, I will be committing a lot of my time and energy to making sure every aspect of the business operational needs are met to meet the customer demands. Outside of the day to day product preparation, on-site vending and management of business affairs, I will be networking and connecting with other Administrative Assistants, Event and Meeting Planners and with businesses in the downtown area to sell our in-office delivery and catering services. IV. Products and Services Products: See Appendix A (not included in this document) for examples of wholesale costs and pricing comparisons of local retail & grocery store competition. * Fruits: apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, grapefruit, melons, cherries, berries, * Vegetables: carrots, celery, cauliflower, broccoli, * Nuts: almonds, peanuts, cashews, walnuts, soy, trail mix, granola mix * Dairy: milk, yogurt, cheese sticks, pudding, vegetable dips * Beverages: water, vitamin water, sports drink, fruit drinks, fruit juices, vegetable juices, dairy drinks, fruit smoothies, Products will be displayed in a highly lit environment while activating physical senses. (e.g. sight-lighting of colors & textures; sound-background musical sounds of fresh water falls, breezes, birds , etc; smell-odors from fresh fruit juices) Services: * Parked truck/trailer: Daily on-the-street vending. Â  * Mobile truck/trailer: Special events vending – fairs, markets, entertainment venues, promotional events, sports events, * Catering: Regularly scheduled in-office supply replenishment, meeting room delivery. Customer service is highlighted with a smile, cheerful attitude, immediate attention to the customer’s inquiries, recommendations for specials and new products, appreciation for their business and request for feedback via our web page. These items are offered fresh, dried and refrigerated from early in the morning, to catch people before work and school, to late afternoon. Products are intended to fulfill the desires of those seeking healthy and nutritional breakfast, pre-lunch, lunch and post lunch time snack options. Snacks and drink items represent alternatives to those high in sugar, fat, cholesterol, caffeine or carbonation. Grab-N-Go Snax objective is to promote the image of providing high quality healthy snack food options, quick and easy to obtain with freshness guaranteed. Products being offered will be healthy, pre-packaged, single serving, ready-to-eat snacks and drink items. V. Marketing Plan Currently the food cart business is growing and thriving in the downtown Portland area. Owners of parking lots and open spaces are looking to expand and convert available space for this business use because of the increase in space revenue and the ease of which the city has made it a viable optional use of their property. Because of the local and nationwide publicity for many of the local food cart businesses, more downtown workers and visitors to the downtown area now consider experiencing a food cart meal. The advantage of Grab-N-Go-Snax is that there are a lot of busy downtown workers who do not tend to eat breakfast, they don’t remember to purchase snack items in advance, do not remember to bring them to work when they do, and when they do want a snack for a break, do not have a lot of healthy snack options convenient for them to choose from. Busy professionals know they want and need to move towards healthier food selections, but need convenience and speed of ownership to change their current habits. They need a place close by their work for that quick turn-around time during a break or before they enter their office building in the morning. Promotional objective will be to change downtown workers’ behavior, not only around the kind of snack foods they do select, but actually adding the activity of taking time in the morning and during breaks to include snacks for nutritional and health reasons. Within the promotion is the message of how quick and easy it is to obtain a selection of quality healthy snack foods. I want our customers to see the convenience and ease of taking a new step that contributes to their health and well being. I plan to communicate this message with colorful unique signage outside the food cart to grab attention with matching post card size business cards. I have also planned to promote the cart through the nearby business office building tenant newsletters, providing coupons and a drawing with on-line website registration. The purposes of the registration and drawing would be for obtaining e-mail addresses for on-going communication and promotions. There will be bonuses and discounts offered for frequent customers. I will be listed in the website created to promote Portland’s food cart businesses www.foodcartsportland.com and I will create a press release with a twist on the food cart business. The purposes of the press release will be to create a buzz around the food cart concept not only in the local market, but nationally in order to get free press stories and media attention. Plan for success: I plan to expand the business by offering products and services for catering to the downtown business offices. I also plan to make consignment agreements to sell product through the local fitness health clubs, whose customers workout early in the morning, on breaks and through their lunch hour. I will be expanding the business to include personnel needed for developing orders, product preparation and delivery. I will promote the catering side of the business by selling face to face to the local business office administrative staff, typically responsible for making in-office food arrangements for meetings, parties and for employee benefit. Customers Our customers are middle class, educated at or above a high school education, mostly white, men & women that work, play and go to school in the downtown Portland area, though most do not live in the downtown area. For lunch, most all of our customers walk within a one to 3 block radius of a group of food carts called ‘pods’. The majority of these target customers’ ages range from their mid 20’s to their mid 50’s, most of which are already getting messages of healthy eating and control of obesity from multiple media sources as well as their employer’s health benefit provider. From my experience and relationships with colleagues that work downtown, they lead extremely busy and sometimes stressful lives at work, try to work out to stay fit when they can and don’t always eat right or as often as they should. From my visual survey of workers entering offices in the morning and exiting during breaks and lunch hours, very few bring food from home. VI. Market Research Competition From my visual survey of existing food carts in both the high density target markets, there is no other food cart offering fresh, healthy, pre-packaged, single serving, ready-to-eat snacks and drink items. Since I will be offering more nutritional beverage options consistently at a lower price, I will also be targeting to gain their lunch hour beverage business, even though they may be purchasing their lunch food at a food cart nearby. This strategy will also serve to allow customers to view all the snack options available for their future consideration. Pricing Our pricing objective is to beat everyone’s price on beverages and be competitively priced on like items offered at other food cart vendors and local corner convenience stores nearby. The more desirable items, pre-packaged mixed product sets and items not offered elsewhere is where I will make a higher profit margin. Using a Loss Leader strategy – Beverages will be offered at lower prices consistently every day. This will ensure the customer remembers that the place to always get a great price on healthy beverages is specifically at our food cart. For specific ‘like’ items that can be found at in-office building vending machines and indoor convenience stores nearby, we will set our price lower than the indoor store to encourage customers to venture outside of the building for the savings. Prices on identical food items that can be found at the customers’ local supermarket outside the downtown area will be priced higher for the benefit of convenience and freshness. Based on research of urban grocery store pricing, we expect to be able to set our product prices at least 20% above what customers would pay outside the downtown Portland center. Distribution Our distribution objective is to be situated where there is the highest density of daytime office workers in the downtown Portland market, close to other businesses that customer frequent. Currently the two desirable pods (groupings of food carts) are located on SW 5th Avenue near Stark and around the block of SW 10th Avenue and Alder for their proximity to high density population of workers. (12/13) Being located at either the 5th Avenue or 10th Avenue pods would be most desirable because of the foot traffic from the surrounding businesses and transit mall. From my visual count, there averaged 100 – 165 people on one side of one block throughout the 12:00 to 1:00 hour being served by 13 to 15 trailers per block length. During their lunch hour, most customers are drawn to the area because of the variety in choices of food from the high density of food carts. These two food cart groupings are close to our customer’s offices and on their way to and from transportation options. (parking garages, Max train, Tri-met buses, etc.) Because both pods are located within parking lots, there is a lot of flexibility for delivery of goods and situation of the trailers. When the weather is wet or windy, being located outside office building retail space, is not as convenient, but does reach more customers from a variety of businesses all around the pod. If it is possible, it is our goal to incorporate clean solar energy as part of our uniquely designed cart to be able to operate at special events where electricity may not be conveniently located or expensive to purchase. VII. Operational Plan We have selected to start the business with a fresh new trailer concept, rather than take over an existing business or invest in someone else’s franchise. Our food cart and catering operations have many elements that are not currently offered from any food cart currently in the Portland markets.

History of British Newspapers Essay Example

History of British Newspapers Essay Example History of British Newspapers Essay History of British Newspapers Essay History of British Newspapers Britains press can trace its history back more than 300 years, to the time of William of Orange. Berrows Worcester Journal, which started life as the Worcester Postman in 1690 and was published regularly from 1709, is believed to be the oldest surviving English newspaper. William Caxton had introduced the first English printing press in 1476 and, by the early 16th century, the first news papers were seen in Britain. They were, however, slow to evolve, with the largely illiterate population relying on town criers for news. Between 1640 and the Restoration, around 30,000 news letters and news papers were printed, many of which can be seen today in the British Museum. The first regular English daily newspaper, the Daily Courant, was launched with the reign of Queen Anne in 1702. Timeline 1476William Caxton sets up the first English printing press in Westminster. 1549First known English newsletter: Requests of the Devonshyre and Cornyshe Rebelles. 1621First titled newspaper, Corante, published in London. 1649Cromwell suppressed all newsbooks on the eve of Charles Is execution. 1690Worcester Postman launched. In 1709 it starts regular publication as Berrows Worcester Journal, considered to be the oldest surviving English newspaper). 1702Launch of the first regular daily newspaper: The Daily Courant. 1709First Copyright Act; Berrows Worcester Journal, considered the oldest surviving English newspaper, started regular publication. 1712First Stamp Act; advertisement, paper and stamp duties condemned as taxes on knowledge. Stamford Mercury believed to have been launched. 1718Leeds Mercury started (later merged into Yorkshire Post). 1737Belfast News Letter founded (worlds oldest surviving daily newspaper). 748Aberdeen Journal began (Scotlands oldest newspaper now the Press Journal). 1772Hampshire Chronicle launched, Hampshires oldest paper. 1788Daily Universal Register (est. 1785) became The Times. 1791The Observer launched. 1835Libel Act; truth allowed as defence for first time in Britain. 1836The Newspaper Society founded. 1844The Southport Visiter first published. 1848The first issue of the Brechin Advertiser was published on Tuesday 3 October 1848. 1853Ormskirk Advertiser and Birkenhead News first published. 1855Stamp duty abolished. Daily Telegraph started as first penny national. Manchester Guardian, The Scotsman and Liverpool Post became daily. Shields Gazette is the first of 17 regional evenings founded this year. 1868Press Association set up as a national news agency. 1889First Official Secrets Act. 1905Harmsworth (then Northcliffe) bought The Observer. 1906Newspaper Proprietors Association founded for national dailies. 1907National Union of Journalists founded as a wage-earners union. 1915Rothermere launched Sunday Pictorial (later Sunday Mirror). 1922Death of Northcliffe. Control of Associated Newspapers passed to Rothermere. 1928Northcliffe Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of Associated Newspapers. Provincial Newspapers set up as a subsidiary of United Newspapers. 1931Audit Bureau of Circulations formed. 1936Britains first colour advertisement appears (in Glasgows Daily Record). 1944Iliffe took over BPM Holdings (including Birmingham Post). 1946Guild of British Newspaper Editors formed (now the Society of Editors). 1953General Council of the Press established. 1955Month-long national press strike. Daily Record acquired by Mirror Group. 1959Manchester Guardian becomes The Guardian. Six-week regional press printing strike. 1960sPhotocomposition and web-offset printing progressively introduced. 964The Sun launched, replacing Daily Herald. Death of Beaverbrook. General Council of the Press reformed as the Press Council. 1969Murdochs News International acquired The Sun and News of the World. 1976Nottingham Evening Post is Britains first newspaper to start direct input by journalists. 1978The Times and The Sunday Times ceased publication for 11 months. 1980Association of Free Newspap er founded (folded 1991). Regional Newspaper Advertising Bureau formed. 1981News International acquired The Times and the Sunday Times. 1983Industrial dispute at Eddie Shahs Messenger group plant at Warrington. 984Mirror Group sold by Reed to Maxwell (Pergamon). First free daily newspaper, the (Birmingham) Daily News, launched by husband wife team Chris Pat Bullivant. 1986News International moved titles to a new plant at Wapping. Eddie Shah launched Today, first colour national daily launched. The Independent launched. 1987News International took over Today. 1988RNAB folded. Newspaper Society launched PressAd as its commercial arm. Thomson launched Scotland on Sunday and Sunday Life. 1989Last Fleet Streetpaper produced by Sunday Express. 1990First Calcutt report on Privacy and Related Matters. Launch of The European (by Maxwell) and Independent on Sunday. 1991Press Complaints Commission replaced the Press Council. AFN folded. Death of Robert Maxwell (November). Management buy-out of Birmingham Post and sister titles. Midland Independent Newspapers established. 1992Management buy-out by Caledonian Newspapers of Lonrhos Glasgow titles, The Herald and Evening Times. 1993Guardian Media Group bought The Observer. UK News set up by Northcliffe and Westminster Press as rival news agency to the Press Association. Second Calcutt report into self-regulation of the press. 994Northcliffe Newspapers bought Nottingham Evening Post for ? 93m. News International price-cutting sparked off new national cover-price war. 1995Lord Wakeham succeeded Lord McGregor as chairman of the PCC. Privacy white paper rejected statutory press controls. Most of Thomsons regional titles sold to Trinity. Newsquest formed out of a Reed MBO. Murdoch closes Today (November). 1996A year of buyouts, mergers and re structuring in the regional press. Regionals win the battle over cross-media ownership (Broadcasting Act). Newspaper Society launches NS Marketing, replacing PressAd. 997Midland Independent Newspapers is bought by Mirror Group for ? 297 million. Human Rights and Data Protection bills are introduced. 1998Fourth largest regional press publisher, United Provincial Newspapers, is sold in two deals: UPN Yorkshire and Lancashire newspapers sold to Regional Independent Media for ? 360m and United Southern Publications sold to Southnews for ? 47. 5m. Southern Newspapers changes its name to Newscom, following acquisitions in Wales and the West (including UPN Wales in 1996). Death of Lord Rothermere. Chairmanship of Associated Newspapers passes to his son Jonathan Harmsworth. Death of David English, editor-in-chief of Daily Mail and chairman of the editors code committee. 1999Trinity merges with Mirror Group Newspapers in a deal worth ? 1. 3 billion. Newsquest is bought by US publisher Gannett for ? 904 million. Portsmouth Sunderland Newspapers is bought by Johnston Press for ? 266m. Major regional press groups launch electronic media alliances (eg, This is Britain, Fish4 sites. ) Freedom of Information bill introduced. Associated launches Londons free commuter daily, Metro. 2000Newscom is sold to Newsquest Media Group for ? 44m, Adscene titles are sold to Southnews (? 52m)and Northcliffe Newspapers, Belfast Telegraph Newspapers are sold by Trinity Mirror to Independent News Media for ? 300m, Bristol United Press is sold to Northcliffe Newspapers Group, and Southnews is sold to Trinity Mirror for ? 285m. Daily Express and Daily Star are sold by Lord Hollicks United News Media to Richard Desmonds Northern Shell. Launch of Scottish business daily Busine ss a. m. and more Metro daily frees. Newspaper Society launches internet artwork delivery system AdFast. Communications white paper published. 001RIM buys six Galloway and Stornaway Gazette titles, Newsquest buys Dimbleby Newspaper Group and Johnston Press buys four titles from Morton Media Group. UK Publishing Media formed. Sunday Business changes name to The Business and publishes on Sunday and Monday. 2002Johnston Press acquires Regional Independent Medias 53 regional newspaper titles in a ? 560 million deal. Northcliffe Newspapers Group Ltd acquires Hill Bros (Leek) Ltd. Queen attends Newspaper Society annual lunch. New PCC chairman, Christopher Meyer, announced. Draft Communications Bill published. The Sun and Mirror engage in a price war. 003Conrad Black resigns as chief executive of Hollinger International, owner of Telegraph group. Claverly Company, owner of Midland News Association, buys Guiton Group, publisher of regional titles in the Channel Islands. Archant buys 12 Lond on weekly titles from Independent News Media (December) and the remaining 15 the following month (January 04). Independent begins the shift to smaller format national newspapers when it launched its compact edition. Sir Christopher Meyer becomes chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. DCMS select committee chaired by Gerald Kaufman into privacy and the press. Government rejects calls for a privacy law. 2004Phillis Report on Government Communications published (January). Barclay Brothers buy Telegraph group and poach Murdoch Maclennan from Associated to run it. Kevin Beatty moves from Northcliffe Newspapers to run Associated Newspapers. Trinity Mirror sells Century Newspapers and Derry Journal in Northern Ireland to 3i. Tindle Newspapers sells Sunday Independent in Plymouth to Newsquest. The Times goes compact (November). 2005Johnston Press buys Score Press from EMAP for ? 155m. Launch of free Lite editions for London Evening Standard and Manchester Evening News. The Times puts up cover price to 60p, marking the end of the nationals’ price war. The Guardian moves to Berliner format after ? 80m investment in new presses. DMGT puts Northcliffe Newspapers up for sale; bids expected to open at ? 1. 2 billion. Johnston Press buys Scotsman Publications from Barclay Brothers for ? 160m. 2006DMGT sale of Northcliffe group aborted but DC Thomson acquires Aberdeen Press Journal. Trinity Mirror strategic review: Midlands and South East titles put up for sale. Growth of regional press digital platforms. Manchester Evening News city edition goes free. Government threat to limit Freedom of Information requests. Associated and News International both launch free evening papers in London during the autumn. 2007Archant Scotland acquired by Johnston Press. Northcliffe Media buys three regional newspaper businesses from Trinity Mirror; Kent Regional Newspapers, East Surrey and Sussex Newspapers and Blackmore Vale Publishing. Dunfermline Press Group acquires Berkshire Regional Newspapers from Trinity Mirror. Tindle Newspapers buys 27 local weekly newspapers from Trinity Mirror which retains its Midlands titles. The government abandons plans to tighten Freedom of Information laws and limit media access to coroners’ courts. Former Hollinger International chief executive Conrad Black is sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison for fraud. Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation buys Dow Jones, owner of the Wall Street Journal, appointing News International boss Les Hinton as chief executive. 2008The global economic downturn hit advertising revenues and shares of media companies fell sharply during the year. John Fry was announced as Tim Bowdler’s successor at Johnston Press in September. The Independent announced a plan to move to DMGT’s Kensington building to cut costs in November. The BBC Trust rejected plans for local video that would have a negative impact on regional titles in the same month following a sustained campaign by the NS. 2009Russian businessman Alexander Lebedev acquires the London Evening Standard from Daily Mail General Trust and the title is subsequently relaunched as a free newspaper. Baroness Peta Buscombe is appointed chairman of the Press Complaints Commission. 2010Britain officially emerges from the longest and deepest recession since the war. Lebedev acquires the Independent and Independent on Sunday from Independent News Media for a nominal fee of ? 1. Trinity Mirror acquires GMG Regional Media, publisher of 32 titles, from Guardian Media Group for ? 44. 8 million. News International erects paywalls around its online content for The Times and The Sunday Times. Eleven regional print titles are launched by seven publishers in the first six months of the year. Newly-elected coalition government announces it will look at the case for relaxing cross-media ownership rules and stop unfair competition from council newspapers. The Independent launches i, a digest newspaper to complement their main title, and the first daily paper to be launched in the UK in almost 25 years.

Business Plan Final Essay Example for Free

Business Plan Final Essay Castle’s Family Restaurant Business Plan: Stage III The purpose of this business plan is to understand the restaurants business and its operations to improve its customer service and its employee relations. The Castle Family Restaurant has eight restaurants that operate under one regional manager that also acts as the Human Resource Manager for the restaurants. The goal is to develop a plan that can decrease the travel time of the regional manager so; that he, Jay Morgan, can save on gas due to high gas prices since each restaurant is located in the northern California area. The objective is to introduce a HRIS application and one vendor that can assist in the developing of the HR department and ease the transitioning of one individual HR manager to multiple employees. There are restaurants with profits in mind and provide the same food and service while the Castle’s Family believes in family, partnerships and developing relationships with one another for a great customer service. Introduction The Castle’s Family Restaurant has eight restaurants in northern California with about 300-340 employees. Most of the employees are part time with about 40% of them full-time. This business plan is to determine strategies that will eliminate the Human Resource position from Jay Morgan, so that he can reduce his travel time to all eight locations and to develop an HR department for the restaurants. In addition, the business plan is to enable Jay Morgan to concentrate on his operation manager duties. The factors that cause many issues to the Castle’s Family restaurant business are having one individual with so many responsibilities. Therefore, hiring an HR manager to schedule, recruit, hire and assist the employees in their needs will help in creating order. In addition, the restaurant must hire an assistant to help in the administration work; it will decrease the amount of  paperwork for the general manager. And each restaurant must have a manager to overseas the employees and the operation of the restaurant. The managers will conduct meetings monthly to provide the sales, revenues and customer services of each restaurant. Managers can communicate through emails, phone calls if they have questions for each other, or have any concerns. A needs assessment must be conducted to determine if an HRIS is needed for the company. In order to have a successful restaurant business every factor must be considered. For example, customer service to the customers is a big factor becau se that is what brings in the revenue. For a restaurant to have a successful business they must have the right food for their customers to enjoy and to assist the customers any way they can. In the last year, there had been some speculation into how the government will help the small restaurants and that the fiscal will prevent any type of savings in when tax time comes around. These HRIS and vendor application that will be stated in this business plan is there to develop and help maintain the restaurant’s H R department and increase growth in the company. We have acquired an HRIS system that will help in developing the HR department to provide easy process for the employees. The Sage HRIS application is an innovative way to ease the transition from traditional HR to a strategic HR. The Sage applications provide variety of options to assist in the HR process. For example, the payroll application should be implemented to help the restaurant establish tax, earnings, and deduction codes to perform critical payroll functions and to modify the system to the restaurant’s needs. This is the first time Castle’s Family Restaurant is developing a HR department, having the right tools to run a department the right way will allow less mistakes to be made; with eight different locations, adding the sage application will help in the transitioning all locations into one. Furthermore, it is critical for a company to have leadership to help establish the employee’s strengths and improve their weaknesses. In addition, the sageâ€⠄¢s time and attendance can help manage the employee’s attendance and work time. The system enables you to collect, analyze, and take control of employee’s attendance and labor data. The  application will help the company in providing perks to employees that always come to work on time. In addition, the performance management application tracks employee’s performance; help identify their critical skills to help the employees in their career development. Furthermore, I have compare and contrast a vendor that would benefit your company. These two vendors provide great services but one match your company’s true values and its missions. The Castle’s Family Restaurant need a vendor that can help in developing long lasting relationship and demonstrates positivity so that individuals can be their best. Furthermore, automation is viable to reduce the need of human errors that can results in more major consequences. Automation errors can occur at any time, the solutions are easy to fix, and automation provide easy data that can be change, delete and edit. The type of HRIS that the Castle Family Restaurant should implement is the Sage application as I have stated before. In order for such application to be developed a vendor must be selected to help in the process. The sage application is a best fit for the company because it has a group of team that can help in assisting in any technical difficulties. When developing new HR department, errors will consist and questions will need to be answered. Therefore, a new training program will need to develop to increase each employee’s skills and performances in the Human Resources Department. The Sage application has the career enhancement training; they have created a system that can help in detecting IT skills, leadership’s skills, etc.; that can benefit your restaurant. The application has an easy to read system. The vendors that I have selected are the ADP and the Rideau Recognition Solutions. The ADP provides all services for domestic international, small or large companies, it does not matter where you operate, and they are there to assist in developing the business. The Rideau Recognition Solutions provide services that inspire employees to succeed to the vendor’s belief. Their expertise is to help their clients build positive relationships with their people to reflect the company’s values and increase customers’ expectations. The Rideau main purpose and their definition of a business are being inspirational and providing inspiration to others. While  ADP is well recognized company that can assist in developing an HR department, and have the tools to performed the job, but because of the deep meaning and relationship that can develop with the Rideau Recognition Solutions and the restaurant being a family company; I believe that the Rideau is the best solution for the Castle’s restaurant. I have recommended that your company, The Castle’s Family Restaurant, to choose the Sage HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. They have the right tools that can establish the restaurant business, and their tools can assist in the development of the HR department. In the restaurant business there will be a lot of risks such as food poising, slip and fall and property damages. Once these types of risks occur this is where the HR department comes in to assist in resolving the situation. This why there should be training when these disadvantages come to light. The sage applications have the proper tools to help decide the professional way to handle such situations. The HRIS application provides professional training to each individual HR employee. While these risks can occur, another problem that cans cause small businesses disadvantage are the fiscal cliff which this year small business operators tax rate has increase by 5 percent. Furthermore, knowing these disadvantages will allow you, the Castle’ Restaurant to prepare yourself as a restaurant. In addition, using these vendors and HRIS system will permit better training; and develop great communication between the HR department and the employees and managers for great customer service. It is important to know the negative factor and a positive factor on owning a small business restaurant and to prepare for any tactics on a professional level. In conclusion, I recommend the Sage as your HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. The Castle’s Family Restaurant has been operating on one person basis, with eight restaurants to oversee. There are many duties to maintain to assure a  smooth business; with such issues that can arise in each restaurant, developing an HR department to oversee these tasks will reduce risks that can occur. I have concluded that the Sage HRIS and Rideau Recognition Solution are the chosen application and vendor for your company to help in the developing your restaurant business. The application and vendor will and can assist you in many different factors and help improve employee communication. References Frumkin, Paul. â€Å"How ‘fiscal cliff’ deal impacts small restaurateurs, franchisees.† Nations’s Restaurant News. Jan 9, 2013. Retrieved on 8/24/2013 < http://nrn.com/latest-headlines/how-fiscal-cliff-deal-impacts-small-restaurateurs-franchisees> Business Plan Final. (2016, Apr 29).