How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Essay Example

How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Essay Example How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Paper How Does Shakespeare Perceive True Love in Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 130 Paper Presentation ‘How does shakespeare see genuine affection in piece 116 and work 130? ’. The pieces that are engaged is ‘Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of genuine minds’ and ‘Sonnet 130 My mistress’ eyes are not at all like the sun’. First I might want to rapidly survey what the meaning of a work is. Two sorts of poems have been generally normal in English verse, and works were named after the two well known writers. The Petrarchan piece and the Shakespearean work. Since my introduction is centered around explicit Shakespearean works, I will just go in detail for Shakespearean pieces. A typical work is made up by 14 line verse sonnet, customarily written in poetic pattern. Measured rhyming is when in lines 10 syllables in length, an accentuation is put on consistently syllable, for instance ‘Shall I contrast thee with a summer’s day? ’ what's more, the poems take a typical rhyming plan of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. Poems are separated into 4 sections, The initial three sections are four lines in length and are known as quatrains; the fourth part is known as the couplet and is two lines. Shakespeare’s poems are frequently used to build up an arrangement of illustrations or thoughts, one in every quatrain, while the couplet offers either a synopsis or another interpretation of the former pictures or thoughts. I will currently proceed onward to examine Sonnet 116. This is one of Shakespeare’s most well known sonnets in his assortment of work. Basically, this work presents Shakespeare’s steadfastness towards genuine romance. His convictions in regards to genuine affection stays to be unadulterated and honest, without physical and fake predisposition. The piece has a moderately basic substance, with every quatrain endeavoring to depict what love is (or isn't) and the last couplet reaffirming the poet’s words by putting his own notoriety on the line. This work is commendable for its absence of symbolism, we could hypothesize that it is apparent in the lines itself in what he is attempting pass on, that he really accepts love is steadfast. The initial lines of the piece urge the peruser to plunge into its subject at a quick pace, achieving to some extent by the utilization of enjambment â€Å"Let me not o the marriage of genuine personalities/Admit impediments† This first quatrain attests that genuine romance is godlike and constant: It neither changes all alone nor permits itself to be changed, in any event, when it experiences changes in the adored one. Quatrain two incorporates a progression of nautical similitudes to additionally build up the lastingness of genuine romance: in line 5 it is a â€Å"ever-fixed mark, † which is an ocean mark that pilots could use to direct their boats. In line 7, shakespeare alludes the ‘star’ as the Northern Star maybe, which was a consistent perspective that mariners could generally depend on for route. Both of these allegories stress the steadiness and trustworthiness of genuine romance. At long last, quatrain three features that just something’s that are incredible or a last damaging of prophetically calamitous extents could spell love’s fate, this being the pieces subject, with love’s undying quintessence beating the â€Å"bending sickle† of Time. Time’s â€Å"hours and weeks† are â€Å"brief† contrasted with love’s life span. In addition, there is a reference back to the nautical symbolism with the utilization of the word â€Å"compass† in line 10. Love realizes that time it will cause significant damage and is going to influence one’s physical appearance and condition I. we are going to age. It reminds today, in Christian marriage promises, it is assumed that the couple are wedding for genuine affection and ‘till passing do us apart’ similarly, love ought not kick the bucket ‘to the edge of doom’ Sonnet 116 closes with a fairly significant consummation. Shakespeare composes that in the event that what he has asserted in the piece is demonstrated false, at that point he â€Å"never writ, nor no man at any point adored. † Here, it is seen Shakespeare is resolved to the point that what he wrote in the piece is right, that he is eager to risk his notoriety. Conversely, Sonnet 130 is an uncommon sonnet, because of its unmistakably amusing tone. Since its one of Shakespeare’s later pieces, it can at first be ventured to have been composed for the dull woman; However, it isn't clear. Shakespeare message in this work is from the outset deceiving on the grounds that we are being given negative examinations which are at last complimenting, this is the thing that makes this poem amusing. Allow me to clarify, this piece is commonly viewed as a diverting farce of the average love poem with Shakespeare depicting the differentiating highlights of his escort, for instance ‘her eyes are not at all like the son’, ‘Her lips are not red’ ‘Her bosoms are not snow white’ In the following quatrain, Shakespeare expands his pictures of what his special lady isn’t, to discuss her foul breath which ‘reeks’. He gathers up the speed by proceeding onward to state her voice doesn't sound satisfying nor does she walk like a ‘goddess’ These both show that he is expressing his escort is nothing better than common remotely or far more detestable than ordinary. Through the various lines he utilizes symbolism identified with the faculties. In the initial 6 lines, he utilizes visual symbolism, you can see her ‘eyes’ and see her ‘lips’. In the following two lines, lines 7-8, he moves to olfactory symbolism I. to do with the feeling of smell. In lines 9-10, the following sense being utilized is the sound-related, you can hear ‘her speaking’ and ‘her music’. The last sense is to do with sensation (development) ‘how the goddess go’ and ‘when she walks’. Likewis e, in the principal quatrain each line is a finished picture ‘eyes are in no way like the sun’. At that point on, it is spread along two lines He depicts that she isn't as excellent as things found in nature â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are not at all like the sun; Coral is undeniably more red than her lip’s red. However Shakespeare communicates his adoration for this lady, in any case, and in the end couplet says that in certainty she is j]an exceptional (â€Å"rare†) lady, and that is the reason he cherishes her. He is attempting to eventually say that despite the fact that his escort doesnt fit in with a rundown of model-like characteristics, he despite everything cherishes her, which is additionally a common point in his poem 116, where he says that genuine affection ought not be founded on or influenced by the person’s outside appearance. Along these lines, he is stating this is infact genuine romance.

Heideggers Conceptual Essences Being And The Nothing, Humanism, And T

Heideggers Conceptual Essences: Being And The Nothing, Humanism, And Technology Heideggers Conceptual Essences: Being and the Nothing, Humanism, and Technology Being and the Nothing are the equivalent. The old savant Lao-tzu accepted that the world engages no detachments and that contrary energies don't really exist. His establishing for this apparently over the top suggestion lies in the way that on the grounds that supposed alternate extremes rely upon one another and their definitions depend on their disparities, they can't in any way, shape or form exist without one another. In this manner, they are not really alternate extremes. The straightforward and uncomplex natured thinking behind this ridiculous articulation is valuable while attempting to comprehend and portray Martin Heideggers profoundly leveled theory of Being and the nothing. Lao-tzus straightforward justification utilized in expressing that alleged contrary energies make each other, so can't be inverse, isn't not normal for Heideggers portrayal of the comparability between the alternate extremes Being and the nothing. Dissimilar to Lao-tzu, Heidegger doesn't guarantee that no alternate extremes exist. He does anyway say that two clearly inverse ideas are the equivalent, and along these lines, the two ways of thinking are comparative. He accepts that the detachment of creatures from Being makes the nothing between them. Without the nothing, Being would stop to be. On the off chance that there were not the nothing, there couldn't be anything, since this partition among creatures and Being is vital. Heidegger even ventures to such an extreme as to state that Being itself as a matter of fact turns into the nothing by means of its fundamental limit. This articulation infers a synonymity between the connection of life to demise and the connection of Being to nothingness. To Heidegger, the main end is demise. It is totally supreme, so it is a portal into the nothing. This suggestion makes Being and the nothing the two parts of the entirety. Both of their jobs are similarly significant and vital in the pattern of life and demise. Every individual life unavoidably finishes in death, yet without this demise, Life would be permitted no movement: The nothing does not only fill in as the counterconcept of creatures; rather, it initially has a place with their basic unfurling in that capacity (104). In like manner, passing can't happen without limited life. In concordance with the explanation that the nothing isolates creatures from Being, the possibility that demise prompts the nothing infers that passing is only the loss of the hypothetical sandwich's bread cuts, leaving nothing for the remainder of ever. The presence of death, along these lines, is substantially more significant in the entire since it amplifies the nothing into for all intents and purposes everything. The amplification of the nothing fills in as an equalizer among Being and nothing in light of the fact that Being is so strong what's more, clear that it amplifies itself. For this situation, the alternate extremes are totally dependent on one another, not just adroitly however truly. Heidegger shines a different light on Lao-tzus reasoning that contrary energies characterize each other when he attempts to reveal the valid embodiment and importance of Being, and he uncovers another degree of intertwination between the nothing and Being. So as to characterize Being, it is obligatory to step outside of it, into the nothing since: All that we talk about, mean, and are identified with in such and such a route is in Being. What and how we are ourselves are is likewise in Being. Being is found in thatness what's more, whatness, reality, the current being of things [Vorhandenheit], means, legitimacy, presence [Dasein], and in the there is [es gibt] (47). Heidegger is exceptionally resolved on the significance of unprejudiced decisions and definitions, and how would he be able to potentially compute the specific significance of Being while at the same time seeing it from a condition of Being? Along these lines it is important to step out into the nothing to completely understand Being. Thus, individuals are the just creatures equipped for contemplating the quintessence of presence and nonexistence. Dasein are the main animals proficient in light of the fact that they are held out into the nothing: Being and the nothing do have a place together . . . since Being itself is basically limited what's more, uncovers itself just in the greatness of Dasein which is held out into the nothing (108). The most elevated conclusions of the pith of man in humanism despite everything don't understand the correct nobility of man (233). At the point when Heidegger dismisses the title humanist, it isn't since he is hostile to mankind or even critical about the destiny of mankind. Or maybe, he dismisses the classification since he properly considers humanism to be characterized with man at the inside, which is a perspective he emphatically dismisses. Maybe in a few other time, Heidegger could fittingly be known as a humanist; be that as it may, he accepts that the word humanism ... has lost its which means (247). The advanced meaning of humanism isn't appropriate for Heidegger chiefly in light of the fact that comparable to the universe, other

Psychology - Individual Differences Example

Psychology - Individual Differences Example Psychology - Individual Differences â€" Essay Example > PSYCHOLOGYINTRODUCTIONFrom Freud to the present, psychoanalytic theorists have tried to explain hypnosis. Reviews of these positions (Gruenwald, 2004; Silverstein Silverstein, 1990a, 1990b) have pointed out that in many cases theoretical developments were responses to paradigm shifts within psychoanalysis rather than to the accumulation of empirical evidence. For example, during the period of advances in ego psychology in the 1940s and 1950s, new theories of hypnosis incorporated ego psychological standpoints and remained relatively free of the drive-based explanations that had characterized earlier theories. Thus, important theoretical developments have taken place, but there has been little effort to assess the validity of any of the theories, although such efforts can have important implications. In this paper I will discuss the extent to which experimental evidence supports the unconscious causes of human behavior. DISCUSSIONIt is a natural, indeed pervasive; trait of the hum an mind to reason analogically (e. g. Oppenheimer, 1956) and the attempts of humans to describe how their minds operate (the mind describing the mind) is no exception. These analogical descriptions of the human mind have been influenced by scientific advances as well as by popular technologies. This is true even though science and technology themselves are products of the mind, creating the ludicrous phenomenon of the products of the mind's inventiveness serving as analogies of the way the mind functions. Chemistry made great advances in the late 18th and early 19th century, so it is not surprising that Thomas Brown (1824), whose lectures were collected and published after his death in 1820, used the terminology of chemistry in his description of how the mind operates. “What the chemist does, in matter, the intellectual analysis does in mind” (p. 129), he said and, further, “as, in chemistry, it often happens, that the qualities of the separate ingredients of a compound body are not recognizable by us … so, in the spontaneous chemistry of the mind, the compound sentiment … has … so little resemblance to these constituents of it … that it requires the most attentive reflection of it to separate … the assemblages which even a few years may have produced” (p. 124). The ‘chemistry of the mind’ was an approach that emphasized both the constituents of the mind â€" the building of associations into complex mental phenomena â€" and the manner of analyzing it. It was extremely influential in the further development of empiricism, but Brown recognized an imperfection in comparing the psychologist to the chemist. Although “it is the labor of the intellectual inquirer to analyze, as it is the labor of the chemist to reduce the compound bodies. … the process, and the instruments by which the analyses are carried on, are, indeed, as different as matter is from mind. … [Whereas] the aggregates of matter we analyze by the use of other matter … the complex mental phenomena we analyze virtually by mere reflection; the same individual mind being the subject of analysis, the instrument of analysis, and the analyzing (sic) inquirer” (pp. 120â€"121). (The italics in all three of the above quotations are in the original. )One could give other examples, but we can fast-forward to our own era and ask how many psychologists now take seriously the idea that the latest of the mind's achievements, the computer, can provide us with a model of how the mind works? It must be very many, so burdened are we with long flow charts and computer simulations of the mind's activities.

Transportation Globalization and International Trade Free Essay Example, 3500 words

The country China is pointed out especially for the reason that with the growth of the industrial sector of this country, the export and import activities of China has excessively increased. Like in the above-mentioned case most of the trade takes place between geographical locations which are about three thousand kilometers apart. There are several modes through which the strategic business locations are connected throughout the world. Strong transport chains should be implemented so that the flow of information and resources remain undisturbed. There are basically two main modes with the help of which most of the international trades are being conducted. Maritime shipping is definitely one of those modes, along with air transport. Among these two modes, maritime shipping is considered more important due to the fact that it handles about ninety percent of the total tonnage that is being transported throughout the globe. Cargo transmission by containerized shipping is the most advan ced forms of tonnage transmission. The transportation system of the maritime consists of a series of major gateways which grants access to the industrial regions and also the consumption belts. We will write a custom essay sample on Transportation Globalization and International Trade or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now To make the flow of transportation smooth there are some major hubs located at different points in the system. (Rodriguez, 1). These hubs act as points of interconnection. The other important and advanced mode of transport which caters to international locations is the airlines. Though when compared to the tonnage handling capacity this mode is much lower than the maritime shipping, but with advanced technological developments and sophisticated network management system, the value created by the airlines is much more than shipping. (Transportation, Globalization and International Trade, 2009). The other modes such as roads and railways control very minute portion of the international trade affairs, these transport mainly caters to most national and regional transport activities.

One of the Most Disregarded Options for Gender Essay Topics

One of the Most Disregarded Options for Gender Essay Topics The paper ought to be a list of suggestions how to raise the range of females on the international political arena. Your essay may center on gender issues from different portions of the world such as women rights in the Middle East and so forth. With the option of work over family is called the feminist model, that is the priority of a career. It isn't an argument for individuals to abort, it's not an effort at killing babies, it's simply giving women the privilege to choose whether they need to abort or have a baby. Around 2006, there wasn't a great deal of information regarding transgender and gender nonconforming folks, let alone students, due to how a vast majority of people did not understand what the term transgender truly meant. All these laws have helped women progress at work. There are lots of laws in place to guard women at work. The main goal of gender diversity is to equate the proportion of women and men at work. Moreover, lots of women were under a variety of men that is the reason why polyandry proved to be a frequent fact. Write about the manner gender was handled in this time. The very first and the most essential reason behind low count of women at work is culture. Patient B is a female who would like to be a guy to pursue different men. You are going to understand that the function of women has changed a lot. The Good, the Bad and Gender Essay Topics To be sure your paper doesn't discriminate anyone, attempt to imagine which you're reading it to the mixed audience of unique genders. Thus, we can readily manage any of topics, which means you submit your paper ahead of the deadline. Promotion should begin the moment you officially choose to publish your own book. Your thesis ought to be relevant so the write-up can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. This section supplies a succession of topics that focus students' attention on the ways gender equality has developed over the duration of history. Students write superior papers when they have some decent examples in front of those. Ruthless Gender Essay Topics Strategies Exploited The conclusion provides the general verdict of the argument. Their interpretation is simply the one which decided the outcome. Please remember that personal experience is quite crucial in gender studies, it can offer you a few insights and direct you through the method of your research, but nevertheless, it can't be the universally relevant data. It's an intriguing topic because to some people part of it's science, whilst part of it's nature and another part is religion. How to Find Gender Essay Topics Gender roles and relations still play part in perpetuating inequa lity, and the consequences of gender roles in connection with childhood, family life and on the job. The gender studies exist to boost understanding of the idea of gender and between genders generally. In the current society, it means so much more than it used to. Today, the theme of gender equality and gender studies is quite popular all around the world. This misconception could cause problems like discrimination. Among the most prevalent issues in our world today is the matter of deforestation. 1 implication is on the constructive or negative effect of gender stereotypes. When you get your completed essay, make certain that you tell all your friends what a good service it is and what's the ideal place to acquire cheap essays. The above-mentioned topic selection may give you a crystal clear understanding of what things to write about. The question isn't about whether they need to donate. You need to investigate the related issues to offer the complete solution to the essay question. Going through our gender essay samples will offer you insight in your writing. Stereotypes have made a distortion of the way in which every individual needs to be. Gender roles essay looks like among the most complicated and volume kinds of the argumentative essay. The solution to the disturbing question like how to compose a compare and contrast essay starts with the structure of this sort of academic writing. Task performance has to be the secret to promotion in the organization. The views of various scholars, for example, Butler Judith, ought to be reviewed. Women have continued climbing to the peak of the ladder. Gender has played an essential part in the culture.

Price Discrimination Free Essays

Price discrimination Price discrimination is the practice of charging a different price for the same good or service. There are three of types of price discrimination – first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree price discrimination. First degree First-degree discrimination, alternatively known as perfect price discrimination, occurs when a firm charges a different price for every unit consumed. We will write a custom essay sample on Price Discrimination or any similar topic only for you Order Now The firm is able to charge the maximum possible price for each unit which enables the firm to capture all available consumer surplus for itself. In practice, first-degree discrimination is rare. Second degree Second-degree price discrimination means charging a different price for different quantities, such as quantity discounts for bulk purchases. Third degree Third-degree price discrimination means charging a different price to different consumer groups. For example, rail and tube travellers can be subdivided into commuter and casual travellers, and cinema goers can be subdivide into adults and children. Splitting the market into peak and off peak use is very common and occurs with gas, electricity, and telephone supply, as well as gym membership and parking charges. Third-degree discrimination is the commonest type. Necessary conditions for successful discrimination Price discrimination can only occur if certain conditions are met. 1. The firm must be able to identify different market segments, such as domestic users and industrial users. 2. Different segments must have different price elasticities (PEDs). 3. Markets must be kept separate, either by time, physical distance and nature of use, such as Microsoft Office ‘Schools’ edition which is only available to educational institutions, at a lower price. 4. There must be no seepage between the two markets, which means that a consumer cannot purchase at the low price in the elastic sub-market, and then re-sell to other consumers in the inelastic sub-market, at a higher price. 5. The firm must have some degree of monopoly power. Video Diagram for price discrimination If we assume marginal cost (MC) is constant across all markets, whether or not the market is divided, it will equal average total cost (ATC). Profit maximisation will occur at the price and output where MC = MR. If the market can be separated, the price and output in the inelastic sub-market will be P and Q and P1 and Q1 in the elastic sub-market. When the markets are separated, profits will be the area MC, P,X,Y + MC1,P1,X1,Y1. If the market cannot be separated, and the two submarkets are combined, profits will be the area MC2,P2,X2,Y2. If the profit from separating the sub-markets is greater than for combining the sub-markets, then the rational profit maximizing monopolist will price discriminate. Market separation and elasticity Discrimination is only worth undertaking if the profit from separating the markets is greater than from keeping the markets combined, and this will depend upon the elasticities of demand in the sub-markets. Consumers in the inelastic sub-market will be charged the higher price, and those in the elastic sub-market will be charged the lower price. How to cite Price Discrimination, Essay examples

Introduce About Myself free essay sample

About Myself, My Hobbies – Interests and My Future Plans My name is Long. I am 25 years old. I just got married about 3 months. Now my wife and I are living with my parent, my young brother, my young sister and my gran in my parent’s house at Tan Binh district. I was born in Ho Chi Minh city, but my hometown is Quang Nam, because my parents were born in there. I have worked as import export assistant in 4 years at an Indian company. Regarding my hobbies, although I’m 25 years old, but I really like reading comics, I read it on the book, on the internet, on the magazine, and I read it anywhere, at home, at office, at coffee shop and at class. Moreover I also like playing games; it likes computer games and video games. I don’t only like playing games but also I like playing toys, some toys likes models kits of mechanics, cars, battle ships, planes†¦ In addition I like traveling also, specially, I very love sea, I like going anywhere, where has sea, and I can swim in there all day. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduce About Myself or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Beside, earning lot of money is my hobbies too. In future, I want to become a successful businessman, I will open a series coffee shop, it like Gloria Jean’s Coffees, but I think I just can make it with small scale, honestly, I also like drinking coffee. Moreover I want to open a flower shop for my wife, she really love flower. In addition, I’m going to live abroad, because my father and mother in law are living in US, and they want my wife and me to live with them.

Cesar Chavez Essays

Cesar Chavez Essays Cesar Chavez Essay Cesar Chavez Essay One of the greatest civil rights activists of our time; one who believed the ways of Gandhi and Martin Luther King that â€Å"violence can only hurt us and our cause† (Cesar Chavez); a quiet, devoted, small catholic man who had nothing just like those he help fight for; â€Å"one of Americas most influential labor leaders of the late twentieth century† (Griswold del Castillo); and one â€Å"who became the most important Mexican-American leader in the history of the United States† (Ender). Cesar Chavez; an American farm worker, who would soon become the labor leader that led to numerous improvements for union workers; it is recorded that Chavez was born near Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927 and died on April 23, 1993 in San Luis, Arizona. (Wikipedia) His life affected many others as his unselfish deeds changed the labor union force forever. This essay will discuss the reasons Cesar Chavez became involved in Union rights, the immediate impact he had, and also the legacy he left behind with his actions that influenced American society. There are many reasons why Chavez became part of the movement, but the major reason was his childhood. It is noted that Cesar Chavez was one of five children born to Librado Chavez and Juana Estrada who were farmers. As a child in Arizona, he grew up nourished by the values of his family and his rural Mexican-American community. His mother taught him the importance of non-violence and self-sacrifice and his grandmother impressed upon his the values of the Catholic faith. And as a child, he experienced racial discrimination in school. Griswold del Castillo) Chavez quit school after the eighth grade to work full-time in the fields. His grandfather had homesteaded some 112 acres that the family soon lost because of the Great Depression. (Jusko) It is reported that Chavez and his family fell behind in mortgage payments and lost what they had. They then moved to California looking for work in the fields as temporary farm laborers; just like thousands of other rural families in the southwe st. The family led a nomadic life; moving very often in search of migrant work. Chavez joined his parents to help harvest carrots, cotton, and grapes under the blazing California sun. During this period Cesar Chavez experienced the corrupt labor contractors, extremely low wages, and poor living and working conditions that the migrant workers had to endure. Around this time as well, he got his first glimpse of union organizing when his father became active in several union activities. (Ramakrishnan; Russell) It is believed that Chavez’s father and uncle actively supported unions. Therefore he learned at a young age firsthand about strikes, organizing operations, and also picket lines. Gale Encyclopedia) During his lifetime, Cesar Chavez and his followers made many changes and contributions to society. While he was alive, he had the privilege to see what his non-violence actions produced; what they transpired. It is recorded that Chavez began actively organizing workers in the fields in 1952. The California-based Community Service Organization (CSO) recruit ed and trained for his work. Chavez built new chapters of CSO, led voter registration drives, and helped Mexican-Americans confront issues of police and immigration abuse during the next ten years. In 1958 he became general director of CSO. With $1,200 of his own savings, Chavez resigned four years later, to found the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) in 1962. (Gale Encyclopedia) He was a very determined man; strived in everything he put his mind to. Russell declares that by 1965, the NFWA had convinced two major California growers to raise the wages of migrant workers; 1,700 families had joined the organization. And in 1966, the UFWOC, which was the United Farm Workers Organization Committee when the NFWA merged with an organization of Filipino workers, launched a campaign picketing grape growers in Delano who paid low wages. La Huelga (The Strike), which the campaign nationally became known as, proved to be the defining moment in Chavezs work as a labor activist. Americas consciousness about the conditions of migrant workers was raised when the five-year strike against grape growers in the San Joaquin, Imperial, and Coachella valleys went public throughout the country and world. Chavez was then transformed into a national symbol of civil disobedience. Chavez’s boycott cost California grape growers millions of dollars. He did this by holding hunger strikes, marches, and sit-ins; he also had himself arrested in order to gain attention to his cause. In 1970, the growers agreed to grant rights to migrant workers and raised their minimum wage. (Russell) He ended the fast by breaking bread with, then at the time, the candidate for the United States presidency, Senator Robert Kennedy. (DISCovering World) â€Å"Chavez became the first man ever to organize a viable farm workers union in California that obtained signed contracts from the agricultural industry†. (Jusko) Russell argues that Cesar Chavez also fought for the civil rights of African Americans, women, gays, and lesbians, but La Huelga was the first of many successful boycotts that Chavez organized on behalf of grape and lettuce pickers. He also states that Chavez remained a beloved figure in the Mexican American community and nationally represented the quest for fairness and equality for all people, even though membership in the UFWOC eventually waned. (Russell) Despite that, Cesar Chavez had many accomplishments with his non-violence, charismatic qualities; he brought dignity and strength to the farm workers and greatly influenced the consciousness of Americans. Chavez Forms) He would go down in history as one of the greatest Mexican-Americans to ever live. After Cesar Chavez’s death, he left behind a legacy; a legacy in which nobody else can every recreate; till this day many Americans and also those outside the country, still honor him. He was responsible for La Causa, the birth of the Hispanic American civil rights movement, which is the greatest part of his legacy; not only of the increases in p ay, eligibility for medical insurance, employer-paid pensions, and unemployment benefits that UFW members received. Gale Encyclopedia) Chavez will never be forgotten. â€Å"Even today, Chavez remains a source of inspiration for Latino activists, union organizers, community leaders, and civil rights activists†. (Ramakrishnan) It is stated that When Chavez died on April 23, 1993, at the age of sixty-six, and a front-page obituary was published in the New York Times. Many expressions of sorrow were received from a host of national and international leaders. (Russell) In 1994, President Clinton awarded Chavez the nation’s highest civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom. Ramakrishnan) In 1999, he was inducted into the U. S. Labor Departments Hall of Fame for his work toward improving the treatment of farm workers. (Jusko) Chavez was awarded Mexicos highest award presented to people of Mexican heritage who have made major contributions outside of Mexico, the Aguila Azteca (Azte c Eagle). The state of California declared his birthday an official holiday, recognizing his greatest achievements of moral leadership and a commitment to social justice in August 2000. Griswold del Castillo) All over the country, somehow or someway, Cesar Chavez left a presence. It is noted that a Cesar Chavez commemorative meeting was held in San Antonio, in 2005, honoring his work on behalf of farm workers. In his honor, there are elementary schools named after him in Santa Fe, New Mexico and Madison, Wisconsin. Also in his honor, there is a community center named The Cesar Chavez Community Center in Racine, Wisconsin. The business loop of I-196 Highway is named Cesar E Chavez Blvd, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Cesar Chavez was inducted into the California Hall of Fame located at The California Museum for History, Women, and the Arts on December 6, 2006 by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver. And the University of Texas at Austin unveiled their Cesar Chavez Statue on campus on October 9, 2007. (Wikipedia) There is proof that Cesar Chavez left a legacy behind; whether it be a form of mentality to Americans or a physical asset that honors him, he is always with us. Castillo claims that Cesar Chavez was the antithesis of the stereotypical labor leader. He never owned a house or a car, lacked fancy clothes and a formal education, and never made more than $6,000 per year, nut despite all of that, he was one of the most successful organizers in American history. He provided the moral compass for the Mexican-American civil rights movement that is in force to this day. Chavez had always envisioned the UFW a social movement that could change the lives of Mexican-Americans in general not as a traditional labor union. ’Ninety-five percent of the strikers lost their homes and their cars,’ Chavez said after the 1970 grape strike. ‘But I think in losing those worldly possessions they found themselves. ’ (Enders) Chavez changed the way Americans thought about farm workers with his inspiring leadership of El Movimiento. The UFW brought the social and economic problems of Mexican Americans into the nations consciousness under his di rection. (Griswold del Castillo) He would forever change the lives of future farm workers, whether he knew it or not.

Customer Service Resume -How to Write the Perfect One (Examples)

Customer Service Resume -How to Write the Perfect One (Examples) If you’ve ever worked in customer service, you know that it’s a job that may not be glamorous, but is totally necessary. People will always need help with a product, with a product that goes wrong, with a product they haven’t yet received, or their feelings about a product. Being a customer service rep involves a lot of skills and it is sometimes hard to fit it all in. Here are guides to writing the perfect customer service resume. First up is Margo, who is a recent grad looking for a job in customer service.  Download this ResumeMargo Lane 54 Prince Street Minneapolis, MN 65656 (111) 222s)How to Write a Perfect Occupational Therapist ResumeHow to Write a Perfect Physician Assistant Resume (Examples Included)How to Write a Perfect Receptionist Resume (Examples Included)

Stakeholders are Coming to Require the Goods and Services Essay

Stakeholders are Coming to Require the Goods and Services - Essay Example In such a way, the means by which the differential between the developed and the developing world is understood is lessened as a result of this increased level of integration. For purposes of this particular case study, the author will analyze the means by which Alpen Bank, a Romanian bank considering implementation of opening a new credit market within the nation of Romania, will be exposed to specific levels of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that arise out of such a level of integration. By targeting and analyzing each of these specific compliments, it is the hope of this author that a further level of understanding and market specific knowledge can be derived with regards to the best means by which Alpen Bank can seek to target the market and minimize overall risk while maximizing profit potential. Further, through such an analysis, the author will also hope to shed a level of understanding with regards to what key groups Alpen Bank should seek to target with re gards to this new credit availability, what marketing efforts would be best advised with regards to these groups, positioning strategies most suitable for the firm, as well as an elaboration upon the realities of the current market and the way in which Alpen Bank should seek to engage with these determinants. ... hat the firm is able to exhibit is necessarily with regards the fact that they had previously existed within this market and offered a range of consumer products and services that allow them not only to have brand recognition but also evoke a level of trust within the likely consumer bases that they will integrate. Moreover, the experience within credit markets and personal banking that Alpen Bank has specialized since 1983, provides them with a valuable knowledge base and key understanding of considerations with regards to how to integrate more effectively within new and devleping economies and nations. Finally, Alpen Bank has the additional benefit of already being represented within 14 different nations around the globe. Although most of these representations are in highly developed nations, such as Germany, England, Singapore, and Ireland, they also have a level of proficiency in providing consumer banking services in nations as diverse and developing as India and Poland. Weaknes ses: the first and most salient weakness which should be discussed is with regards to the fact that although Alpen Bank is a multinational consumer bank that has a presence in over 14 nations, it has yet to be represented within Eastern Europe (with the exception of Poland which dependent upon definition is oftentimes not considered as part of Eastern Europe). Necessarily, this is a weakness due to the fact that the firm will be integrating with clients and an economic/political system that they have little if any knowledge concerning. Another distinct weakness that the firm faces is with regards to the fact that as compared to the other countries in which they currently operate within, there is little broad-based nor historical evidence of consumer credit markets within Romania as such.

Is there still a need for affirmative action in america Essay

Is there still a need for affirmative action in america - Essay Example The goal of affirmative action has had its critics and its execution has not been flawless, but to eradicate the policy of equality is to disregard Civil Rights Movement victories and turn the clock backwards towards the days of blatant racism in the pre-1970’s U.S. The debate encompassing affirmative action is more far-reaching than the issue of legality alone. It is the ethical duty of every person and organization in the country to try to stop all forms of racism. However, there is a section of the populace who will not acknowledge and have fervently objected to affirmative action on legal terms and as a social answer to bigotry. They often argue that affirmative action is an example of two wrongs not making a right. They further claim that ‘reverse discrimination’ has been the result. Of course they do not challenge conventional forms of favoritism and discriminatory practices that continue to benefit the wealthy and influential factions of society. Many times, affirmative action arguments divide down racial lines as evidenced by employee selection practices continuing to discriminate. An example is the exclusionary practice of the preferential treatment given to university applications submitted by kids of alumni. In place for many generations, these practices have produced a vast over-representation of the middle and upper class white persons in universities consequently in lucrative professional occupations. These perpetual power positions in society allow this elite group to maintain its subjugation of the working class. Affirmative action helps balance the playing field for everybody. Of course, even with balancing policies in place, the white, wealthy portion of society enjoy still benefit from the scales justice being tipped toward them for so long. The argument of ‘reverse discrimination’

The Underwater Wireless Communications Information Technology Essay

The Underwater Wireless Communications Information Technology Essay Wireless communication technology today has become part of our daily life; the idea of wireless undersea communications may still seem far-fetched. However, research has been active for over a decade on designing the methods for wireless information transmission underwater. The major discoveries of the past decades, has motivated researches to carry out better and efficient ways to enable unexplored applications and to enhance our ability to observe and predict the ocean. The purpose of this paper is to introduce to the readers the basic concepts, architecture, protocols and modems used in underwater wireless communications. The paper also presents the difficulties faced in terms of power management and security, and the latest developments in the underwater wireless industry. Towards the end, we also discuss a wide range of applications of underwater wireless communication. Index Terms: Underwater Wireless Communication (UWCs), Medium Access Control (MAC), Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UAWSNs). I. INTRODUCTION In last several years, underwater sensor network (UWSN) has found an increasing use in a wide range of applications, such as coastal surveillance systems, environmental research, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) operation, many civilian and military applications such as oceanographic data collection, scientific ocean sampling, pollution, environmental monitoring, climate recording, offshore exploration, disaster prevention, assisted navigation, distributed tactical surveillance, and mine reconnaissance. By deploying a distributed and scalable sensor network in a 3-dimensional underwater space, each underwater sensor can monitor and detect environmental parameters and events locally. Hence, compared with remote sensing, UWSNs provide a better sensing and surveillance technology to acquire better data to understand the spatial and temporal complexities of underwater environments. Some of these applications can be supported by underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), which consist of devices with sensing, processing, and communication capabilities that are deployed to perform collaborative monitoring tasks. Fig 1 gives a generalized diagram of an UWASN. Wireless signal transmission is also crucial to remotely control instruments in ocean observatories and to enable coordination of swarms of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and robots, which will play the role of mobile nodes in future ocean observation networks by virtue of their flexibility and reconfigurability. Present underwater communication systems involve the transmission of information in the form of sound, electromagnetic (EM), or optical waves. Each of these techniques has advantages and limitations. Acoustic communication is the most versatile and widely used technique in underwater environments due to the low attenuation (signal reduction) of sound in water. This is especially true in thermally stable, deep water settings. On the other hand, the use of acoustic waves in shallow water can be adversely affected by temperature gradients, surface ambient noise, and multipath propagation due to reflection and refraction. The much slower speed of acoustic propagation in water, about 1500 m/s (meters per second), compared with that of electromagnetic and optical waves, is another limiting factor for efficient communication and networking. Nevertheless, the currently favorable technology for underwater communication is upon acoustics. On the front of using electromagnetic (EM) waves in radio frequencies, conventional radio Figure1. Scenario of a UW-ASN composed of underwater and surface vehicles does not work well in an underwater environment due to the conducting nature of the medium, especially in the case of seawater. However, if EM could be working underwater, even in a short distance, its much faster propagating speed is definitely a great advantage for faster and efficient communication among nodes. Free-space optical (FSO) waves used as wireless communication carriers are generally limited to very short distances because the severe water absorption at the optical frequency band and strong backscatter from suspending particles. Even the clearest water has 1000 times the attenuation of clear air, and turbid water has more than 100 times the attenuation of the densest fog. Nevertheless, underwater FSO, especially in the blue-green wavelengths, offers a practical choice for high-bandwidth communication (10-150 Mbps, bits per second) over moderate ranges (10-100 meters). This communication range is much needed in harbor inspection, oil-rig maintenance, and linking submarines to land, just name a few of the demands on this front. In this paper we discuss the physical fundamentals and the implications of using acoustic waves as the wireless communication carrier in underwater environments in Section II, then we discuss an Overview of Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Communications in Section III. Section IV we discuss about the two networking architectures of UWSNS. Section V we discuss about acoustic modem technology and will describe Link Quest Incs Cutting-Edge Acoustic Modems in detail.. Section VI gives a comparison between ground based sensors with that of a Mobile UWSNs, Section VII we throw some light on the various applications of UWC. And finally we conclude the paper in Section VIII followed by references. II. ACOUSTIC WAVES Among the three types of waves, acoustic waves are used as the primary carrier for underwater wireless communication systems due to the relatively low absorption in underwater environments. We start the discussion with the physical fundamentals and the implications of using acoustic waves as the wireless communication carrier in underwater environments. Propagation velocity: The extremely slow propagation speed of sound through water is an important factor that differentiates it from electromagnetic propagation. The speed of sound in water depends on the water properties of temperature, salinity and pressure (directly related to the depth). A typical speed of sound in water near the ocean surface is about 1520 m/s, which is more than 4 times faster than the speed of sound in air, but five orders of magnitude smaller than the speed of light. The speed of sound in water increases with increasing water temperature, increasing salinity and increasing depth. Most of the changes in sound speed in the surface ocean are due to the changes in temperature. Approximately, the sound speed increases 4.0 m/s for water temperature arising 1C. When salinity increases 1 practical salinity unit (PSU), the sound speed in water increases 1.4 m/s. As the depth of water (therefore also the pressure) increases 1 km, the sound speed increases roughly 17 m/ s. It is noteworthy to point out that the above assessments are only for rough quantitative or qualitative discussions, and the variations in sound speed for a given property are not linear in general. Fig.2. a vertical profile of sound speed in seawater as the lump-sum function of depth Absorption: The absorptive energy loss is directly controlled by the material imperfection for the type of physical wave propagating through it. For acoustic waves, this material imperfection is the inelasticity, which converts the wave energy into heat. The absorptive loss for acoustic wave propagation is frequency-dependent, and can be expressed as e ®(f)d, where d is the propagation distance and  ®(f) is the absorption coefficient at frequency f. For seawater, the absorption coefficient at frequency f in kHz can be written as the sum of chemical relaxation processes and absorption from pure water where the first term on the right side is the contribution from boric acid, the second term is from the contribution of magnesium sulphate, and the third term is from the contribution of pure water; A1, A2, and A3 are constants; the pressure dependencies are given by parameters P1, P2 and P3; and the relaxation frequencies f1 and f2 are for the relaxation process in boric acid and magnesium sulphate, respectively. Fig. 3 shows the relative contribution from the different sources of absorption as a function of frequency. Fig.3. Absorption in generic seawater Multipath: An acoustic wave can reach a certain point through multiple paths. In a shallow water environment, where the transmission distance is larger than the water depth, wave reflections from the surface and the bottom generate multiple arrivals of the same signal. The Fig 4 illustrates the adverse effects of Multipath Propagation. In deep water, it occurs due to ray Fig 4: Shallow water multipath propagation: in addition to the direct path, the signal propagates via reflections from the surface and bottom. bending, i.e. the tendency of acoustic waves to travel along the axis of lowest sound speed. The channel response varies in time, and also changes if the receiver moves. Regardless of its origin, multipath propagation creates signal echoes, resulting in intersymbol interference in a digital communication system. While in a cellular radio system multipath spans a few symbol intervals, in an underwater acoustic channel it can spans few tens, or even hundreds of symbol intervals! To avoid the intersymbol interference, a guard time, of length at least equal to the multipath spread, must be inserted between successively transmitted symbols. However, this will reduce the overall symbol rate, which is already limited by the system bandwidth. To maximize the symbol rate, a receiver must be designed to counteract very long intersymbol interference. Path Loss: Path loss that occurs in an acoustic channel over a distance d is given as A= dka (f) d, where k is the path loss exponent whose value is usually between 1 and 2, and a(f) is the absorption factor that depends on the frequency f. This dependence severely limits the available bandwidth: for example, at distances on the order of 100 km, the available bandwidth is only on the order of 1 kHz. At shorter distances, a larger bandwidth is available, but in practice it is limited by that of the transducer. Also in contrast to the radio systems, an acoustic signal is rarely narrowband, i.e., its bandwidth is not negligible with respect to the center frequency. Within this limited bandwidth, the signal is subject to multipath propagation, which is particularly pronounced on horizontal channels. III ROUTING PROTOCOLS There are several drawbacks with respect to the suitability of the existing terrestrial routing solutions for underwater wireless communications. Routing protocols can be divided into three categories, namely, proactive, reactive, and geographical. Proactive protocols provoke a large signaling overhead to establish routes for the first time and each time the network topology is modified because of mobility, node failures, or channel state changes because updated topology information must be propagated to all network devices. In this way, each device can establish a path to any other node in the network, which may not be required in underwater networks. Also, scalability is an important issue for this family of routing schemes. For these reasons, proactive protocols may not be suitable for underwater networks. Reactive protocols are more appropriate for dynamic environments but incur a higher latency and still require source-initiated flooding of control packets to establish paths. Reactive protocols may be unsuitable for underwater networks because they also cause a high latency in the establishment of paths, which is amplified underwater by the slow propagation of acoustic signals. Geographical routing protocols are very promising for their scalability feature and limited signaling requirements. However, global positioning system (GPS) radio receivers do not work properly in the underwater environment. Still, underwater sensing devices must estimate their current position, irrespective of the chosen routing approach, to associate the sampled data with their 3D position. IV ARCHITECTURE In general, depending on the permanent vs on-demand placement of the sensors, the time constraints imposed by the applications and the volume of data being retrieved, we could roughly classify the aquatic application scenarios into two broad categories: long-term non-time-critical aquatic monitoring and short-term time-critical aquatic exploration. Fig 5: An illustration of the mobile UWSN architecture for long-term non-time-critical aquatic monitoring applications Fig. 5 illustrates the mobile UWSN architecture for long-term non-time-critical aquatic monitoring applications. In this type of network, sensor nodes are densely deployed to cover a spacial continuous monitoring area. Data are collected by local sensors, related by intermediate sensors, and finally reach the surface nodes (equipped with both acoustic and RF (Radio Frequency) modems), which can transmit data to the on-shore command center by radio. Since this type of network is designed for long-term monitoring task, then energy saving is a central issue to consider in the protocol design. Moreover, depending on the data sampling frequency, we may need mechanisms to dynamically control the mode of sensors (switching between sleeping modes, wake-up mode, and working mode). In this way, we may save more energy. Further, when sensors are running out of battery, they should be able to pop up to the water surface for recharge, for which a simple air-bladder-like device would suffice. Clearly, in the mobile UWSNs for long-term aquatic monitoring, localization is a must-do task to locate mobile sensors, since usually only location-aware data is useful in aquatic monitoring. In addition, the sensor location information can be utilized to assist data forwarding since geo-routing proves to be more efficient than pure flooding. Furthermore, location can help to determine if the sensors float crossing the boundary of the interested area. Fig 6: An illustration of the mobile UWSN architecture for short-term time-critical aquatic exploration applications In Fig. 6, we show a civilian scenario of the mobile UWSN architecture for short-term time-critical aquatic exploration applications. Assume a ship wreckage accident investigation team wants to identify the target venue. When the cable is damaged the ROV is out-of-control or not recoverable. In contrast, by deploying a mobile underwater wireless sensor network, as shown in Fig. 2, the investigation team can control the ROV remotely. The self-reconfigurable underwater sensor network tolerates more faults than the existing tethered solution. After investigation, the underwater sensors can be recovered by issuing a command to trigger air-bladder devices. As limited by acoustic physics and coding technology, high data rate networking can only be realized in high-frequency acoustic band in underwater communication. It was demonstrated by empirical implementations that the link bandwidth can reach up to 0.5Mbps at the distance of 60 meters. Such high data rate is suitable to deliver even multimedia data. Compared with the first type of mobile UWSN for long-term non-time-critical aquatic monitoring, the mobile UWSN for short-term time-critical aquatic exploration presents the following differences in the protocol design. Real-time data transfer is more of concern Energy saving becomes a secondary issue. Localization is not a must-do task. However, reliable, resilient, and secure data transfer is always a desired advanced feature for both types of mobile UWSNs. V ACOUSTIC MODEM TECHNOLOGY Acoustic modem technology offers two types of modulation/detection: frequency shift keying (FSK) with non-coherent detection and phase-shift keying (PSK) with coherent detection. FSK has traditionally been used for robust acoustic communications at low bit rates (typically on the order of 100 bps). To achieve bandwidth efficiency, i.e. to transmit at a bit rate greater than the available bandwidth, the information must be encoded into the phase or the amplitude of the signal, as it is done in PSK or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). The symbol stream modulates the carrier, and the so-obtained signal is transmitted over the channel. To detect this type of signal on a multipath-distorted acoustic channel, a receiver must employ an equalizer whose task is to unravel the intersymbol interference. A block diagram of an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) is shown in Figure 7. In this configuration, multiple input signals, obtained Fig 7: Multichannel adaptive decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) is used for high-speed underwater acoustic communications. It supports any linear modulation format, such as M-ary PSK or M-ary QAM. from spatially diverse receiving hydrophones, can be used to enhance the system performance. The receiver parameters are optimized to minimize the mean squared error in the detected data stream. After the initial training period, during which a known symbol sequence is transmitted, the equalizer is adjusted adaptively, using the output symbol decisions. An integrated Doppler tracking algorithm enables the equalizer to operate in a mobile scenario. This receiver structure has been used on various types of acoustic channels. Current achievements include transmission at bit rates on the order of one kbps over long ranges (10-100 nautical miles) and several tens of kbps over short ranges (few km) as the highest rates reported to date. VI Mobile UWSNs and Ground- Based Sensor Networks A mobile UWSN is significantly different from any ground-based sensor network in terms of the following aspects: Communication Method: Electromagnetic waves cannot propagate over a long distance in underwater environments. Therefore, underwater sensor networks have to rely on other physical means, such as acoustic sounds, to transmit signals. Unlike wireless links among ground-based sensors, each underwater wireless link features large latency and low-bandwidth. Due to such distinct network dynamics, communication protocols used in ground-based sensor networks may not be suitable in underwater sensor networks. Specially, low-bandwidth and large-latency usually result in long end-to-end delay, which brings big challenges in reliable data transfer and traffic congestion control. The large latency also significantly affects multiple access protocols. Traditional random access approaches in RF wireless networks might not work efficiently in underwater scenarios. Node Mobility Most sensor nodes in ground-based sensor networks are typically static, though it is possible to implement interactions between these static sensor nodes and a limit amount of mobile nodes (e.g., mobile data collecting entities like mules which may or may not be sensor nodes). In contrast, the majority of underwater sensor nodes, except some fixed nodes equipped on surface-level buoys, are with low or medium mobility due to water current and other underwater activities. From empirical observations, underwater objects may move at the speed of 2-3 knots (or 3-6 kilometers per hour) in a typical underwater condition [2]. Therefore, if a network protocol proposed for ground-based sensor networks does not consider mobility for the majority of sensor nodes, it would likely fail when directly cloned for aquatic applications. Although there have been extensive research in groundbased sensor networks, due to the unique features of mobile UWSNs, new research at almost every level of the protocol suite is required. VII

Fast Fit Case Study

1. FastFit Case Study FastFit Sporting Goods is a successful New England regional supplier of sporting goods to the high end consumer market. They sell an exclusive selection of equipment and apparel to men and women who exercise and pursue outdoor activities on a regular basis. They operate five (5) upscale retail stores in the New England market that offer a high level of customer attention, with a headquarters (HQ) is in Burlington, Massachusetts, and a single warehouse, distribution, and eCommerce fulfillment center in Haverhill, Massachusetts.Most of their products are purchased from two suppliers, Winter Gear Distributers outside of Providence, Rhode Island, and Boston Fitness Supplies in Marlboro, Massachusetts. FastFit has expanded successfully in the New England area over the past five years. However to expand nationally as a major retailer, they need to improve the scalability of their operations (stores and warehouses). A key part of their strategy is to leverage informati on systems to automate and improve operations, to strengthen management controls, and to enable significant growth while maintaining the â€Å"high touch† customer experience.A diagram of their complete non-Web based operations follows. See figure 1. [pic] Figure 1: A Schematic diagram of FastFit Sporting Goods Operations The Initial Set of Case Study Questions The simple system diagram below may be used to answer the following questions. The questions should be answered using your common sense and knowledge of retail processes because we have all bought things at a store. Be specific about the items of information, where they are captured, stored and used.How the information flows or is moved within FastFit may be shown by the student adding labeled arrows added to the diagram below. See figure 2. Figure 2: Starting Point for a System Diagram of FastFit Business Information Flows A General Question 1. Mark the main flows of goods and money in the diagram (above). Use single headed arrows and employ a key or table of descriptive elements to explain your answer. Customer Questions (focus on the customer and FastFit process flows, i. e. the front end of the diagram) 2. ) List the specific items of information that are usually gathered at the POS (Point of Sale terminal or cash register) and recorded when a customer checks out (excluding obtaining the identity of the customer which is covered in Q3)? b) What are three important uses of this information at the store by the store manager and by headquarters management – a total of six uses? 3. a) What are some ways to obtain the identity of the customer at the POS and to associate this â€Å"identity† with more detailed information about the customer? b) What business actions could FastFit then take based upon this additional information? . Assume HQ is responsible for replenishing inventory at the stores. a) What information is needed and how is it used to decide what to send to each store? b) Where does the information come from? c) Why didn’t we have each store decide what to order from the warehouse? Supplier Questions (focus on the FastFit and Supplier process flows, i. e. the back end of the diagram) 5. a) Draw a system diagram that shows the key information and product flows between FastFit (HQ and Warehouse) and a supplier, including the steps for ordering and invoicing and label each flow descriptively.This diagram will have three circles. b) Compare your drawing with the diagram showing the flows between the customer and the store and explain why the former is more complicated. 6. Assume that FastFit headquarters receives and pays invoices from suppliers. a) How do they decide whether to pay and how much to pay? b) From where do they get the information to make this decision? eCommerce Set of Case Study Questions 7. Describe three geographic locations from which customers can submit orders and any information technology components customers would need (on their end) to accomplish this ordering activity. Location |Information Technology Component | |Home |Server | | |Desktop | | |Laptop | | |Routers | | |Web Server Application | |Road / Anywhere |Smart Phones | | |Web | |Work |Laptops | |School |Routers | | |Web Server Application | 8. a) Describe the information technology components FastFit needs to interact with customers on the web. [Hint: Locate a detailed explanation of e-commerce system platforms in the course textbook and/or web search. ] b) At what geographic location within FastFit would you place these information technology components and why? a) |IT components | |Application providers for the purchase and sale of goods |Software applications | | |Web software | | |Security software | | |Database | |Technology infrastructure providers that enables e-commerce |Routers | | |Storages | | |Servers (web and commerce) | | |Data centers | | |Hardware | | |Networks | from MD PowerPoint session 20 9. FastF it is planning to invest significantly in its e-commerce platform to increase online ordering. Describe three technology features/capabilities that should be included in the platform and provide business justifications for each feature. |Technology feature/capability |Description |Business Justification | |Browser |Program that a user uses to interact with web|Users have access to the Business from | | |servers on the internet |anywhere.Increase costumer contact with | | | |store. | | | |Improve operations by making store more | | | |accessible to customer. | |Web Server |Program that communicates with many browsers |Allows for multiple users to interact with | | |at the same time using http, by processing |the web page at the same instant. | |and responding to their requests |Increase number of transactions being | | | |processed at the same time | |Commerce Server |Computer that provides a business with |Allows transactions to be completed through | | |web-based programs that disp lay products, |the web. | | |support online ordering, implements a |Enables consumers to receive information | | |shopping cart, record and process payments, |about products.Automates inventory | | |and interface with inventory-management |management | | |applications | | *from MD PowerPoint session 20 10. a) What does the Haverhill order fulfillment center do? b) Describe the information needed at the warehouse to provide fulfillment services. c) Describe the information created or changed/updated during the course of an e-commerce business transaction. a) i. Warehousing ii. Order processing iii. Finding the item ordered iv. Packing order v. Shipping it to the right address b) Fulfillment Service |Information Needed | |Warehousing |Inventory information | | |Warehouse capacity | | |Warehouse organization | | |Suppliers information | |Order Processing |Order Information | | |Item ordered and amount ordered | | |Inventory information (items and quantity) | | |Consumer Informat ion | |Finding the item ordered |Warehouse structure information | | |Item ordered code | |Packing order |Order Information | | |Ending inventory Information | |Shipping order to right address/store |Consumer Information | | |Delivery/Shipping Information | *Vendorseek. com c) i. Costumer Address for delivery ii. Order payment confirmation iii. Consumer Confirmation of order iv. Consumer email contact v. Consumer confirmation of delivery date

Scenario Analysis Funding the Homeless - 775 Words

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Fore Casting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2115 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Forecasting is the estimation of the value of a variable (or set of variables) at some future point in time. Forecasting exercise is usually carried out in order to provide an aid to decision-making and in planning the future. Typically all such exercises work on the premise that if we can predict what the future will be like we can modify our behaviour now to be in a better position, than we otherwise would have been, when the future arrives. [1] Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fore Casting" essay for you Create order The organization I have chosen for the task 1 of the assignment is described below Introduction: Kamran Ahmad Marble Industries (KAMI), located at the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) Pakistan. They deal in different types of marbles found in different areas of Pakistan. They not just provide marble tiles to local industries / clients but also have business relation / partnership with some other companies at UAE, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. They get their raw products from some remote areas of Pakistan like Buner, Swat and Tribal areas of Pakistan. Fund Sources for KAMI: Following are the available funds sources for KAMI Take loan from banks Get funds from marble association Get loan from other business parties Take Loan from Banks: In Pakistan different banks provide loans to industries on different terms and conditions and interest rates. But in recent years some banks from gulf have opened their branches in Pakistan with Islamic banking (as interest in prohibited in Islam). Also a bank owned by Germany The Bank of Khyber in North West of Pakistan provides loans without any interest. Meezan Bank which is a premier Islamic banking system and completely interest free banking, also provides loans for industries. So in banking sector KAMI has two choices to get loan i.e. loan with interest or loan without any interest. Funds from Marble Association: The marble association (association of all marble industries in Pakistan) also has a funding system to help its members in the time of need. KAMI owner is the president of marble association Northern zone, so they have advantage of taking the Helping fund from marble association, because they are trustworthy and having good reputation in the market. Loan from other Business Parties: As a cultural value, in this area of Pakistan people often help each other financially in the time of need, even competitors in market help one another financially because it is consider Good in the culture and tradition. So they can also loan from some of the good established marble parties in their area, because they have good repute in the area and a well known and respected family Appraisal of Source: I will recommend KAMI to get helping aid from marble association, because their company and its management is very active in the marble association activities, they always remain in front for the rights of marble industries in the courts and other public bodies offices, so they will face no problem in getting the required funds with zero interest rate from marble association. Introduction Task 2 In this task a report is required to have an investigation of two competing projects in public and private sectors, use any of the appraisal techniques and justify your choice, then taking a project from public sector and doing post audit appraisal and at the end making recommendations for that organization on that project. I have taken following two projects for the same company that in task 1 Kamran Ahmad Marble Industries and following are the two competitive projects. Project 1: Purchasing Heavy truck for supply of raw materials to KAMI Project 2: Installing new machinery (Bridge cutter and vertical cutter) to increase the productivity of the company. Project 1: Purchasing Heavy truck for supply of raw materials to KAMI Estimated project cost: 3500000 Cost of Capital: 10 % Project run time: 5 years The NPV for project 2 is positive Suggestion for KAMI As the NPV for project 1 is negative and NPV of project 2 is Positive, so I will suggest KAMI to go for project 2 instead of investing money in project 1. Reasons for using NPV Following are the advantages and disadvantages of NPV and the reason that I choose NPV instead of any other financial measurements method. Advantages Consistent with shareholder wealth maximization: Consider both magnitude and timing of cash flows Indicates whether a proposed project will yield the investors required rate of return Tells whether the investment will increase firm value or not Consider the risk of feature cash flow through cost of capital. Disadvantages Many people find it difficult to work with a dollar return rather than a Percentage return Require an estimate cost of capital in order to calculate the net present value. Post Audit Appraisal and Recommendations Comparisonof the actualincomeyielded by acapital projectwith the income projected at the time ofproject appraisal A post audit determines if a companys policies and procedures have been properly followed. The test may be to verify if paid invoices have necessary documentation and approvals. In an audit performed by a public accountant, period that exists between the completions of the auditors field work and the issuance of the report on the financial statements. During this period, the auditor is in constant contact with the client while the audit report is prepared and the final review of the drafted financial statements takes place. The auditor has a responsibility to disclose subsequent events so that the financial statements are not misleading. The post audits effectiveness is to do proactive measures including the clarity in policies and guidelines are the effective thing in prost audit. The post audit best efficiency is related to claims for pricing payments and allowance claims and most importantly for calculating the companys payment dues. The growing trend reduced cycle time to verify transaction accuracy would have for reaching implication in post audit. Social Accounting It is a framework used for monitoring, evaluation and accountability to stakeholders both internal and external of the organization. The social accounting is used investigate organizations performance on social, environmental and economic objectives, and ensure that it is working in accordance with its values. In the private sector, social accounting is aligned with corporate social responsibility. The public sector is the part of economic and administrative life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the government, whether national, regional or local. The organization of the public sector can take several actions, including: Direct administration funded through taxation, the delivering organization generally has no specific requirement to meet commercial success objective, and production decisions are determined by government. The amount of risk in public sector is, Company need to follow the government policies. The local people Need to follow the Legal procedure. Pressure from local government bodies, Need to handle the political issues, Introduction to Task 3 In this task the requirement is the comparative financial performance of three companies AA, BB and CC, the last two companies are the wholly owned subsidiaries of CC. in this task its is required to analyse the given information and produce a report for the management of company CC by showing the comparative financial performance of AA and BB. Also comment on the potential limitations of such comparison, by considering issues like common management information system for both subsidiaries. Also provide information on whether there is sufficient evidence to conclude that BB managers lack competency in making financial decisions. Comparative Analysis Following are the various methods available for comparative analysis ROCE Profit Margin Asset Utilisation Liquidity Risk (gearing) Growth (turnover, profit, and capital employed) ROCE is used infinanceas a measure of thereturnsthat a company is realizing from itscapital employed. It is commonly used as a measure for comparing the performance between businesses and for assessing whether a business generates enough returns to pay for its cost of capital. ROCE analyses give companies insight into the utilizing of the capital to generate revenue. It is required that ROCE amount should be higher than the borrowing amount. In the provided data the subsidiary BB is having a very high return on capital as compared to AA. Profit Marginornet profit ratioall refer to a measure ofprofitability. It is calculated by finding thenet profit as a percentage of therevenue. In Profit Margin low profit margin indicates a low margin of safety, higher risk that a decline in sales will clear the profit and results in net loss In the case of the BB subsidiary. Asset utilization is the ratio between net sales and total assets. It provides understanding on how to utilize the organization assets by looking at total turnover and total assets. The higher the asset utilization the lower the investment cost. And yield better results each year for company. Liquidity is the businesss ability to meet its payment obligations, in terms of possessing sufficient liquid assets, and to such assets themselves. Advantages and Limitation of Comparative Analysis Comparative analysis have many advantages in providing insight to the management of companies into the positive and negative aspect of their investment in different projects, but it also have some limitations due to the internal and external factors. Following are some of them The comparative analysis provides the organizations an understanding of profit ratio it provide information that organization have plenty or resources to pay their expenses and whether shareholders are aware of the financial condition of the company. It also helps organizations to compare their business with other competitors. Credit analysts, those interpreting the financial ratios from the prospects of a lender, focus on the downside risk since they gain none of the upside from an improvement in operations. They pay great attention to liquidity and leverage ratios to ascertain a companys financial risk. To have looked at the operational and profitability ratios the Equity Analysis is important. To determine the future profits that will accrue to the shareholder. Financial ratio analysis is well-developed and the actual ratios are well-known, practicing financial analyses often develop their own measures for particular industries and even individual companies. Analysts will often differ drastically in their conclusions from the same ratio analysis. Is BB management lack competency in making financial decisions? The provided data and the above analysis show that the AA organization is applying monopoly principle and runs under local authorities. By having desired contract the companys profitability can be easily assumed. And they cannot increase their rate of investment as the revenue cannot automatically be generated. BB is completely different from AAs organization they have several issues like labor, cost of running the organization and they have to handle the continuity of their previous services. It is very difficult to compare both the organization AA and BB because the cost expenses are completely different. The subsidiary BB managers lacks efficiency on making financial decisions as the calculation does show the considerable results while appraising companys performance. BB is losing revenue, because it has got competitive market. So while competing in such a competitive market the BB management is lacking in taking financial decisions which is shown by above data and the competitive analysis. AA is an organization which runs on the monopoly principle and it is in regulatory body and it runs under local authority. By having desired contract the companys profitability can be easily assumed. And they cannot increase their rate of investment as the revenue cannot automatically be generated. On the other side we cannot compare both the organization AA and BB because the cost expenses are completely different (method of calculation and depreciation). The process to compare other business in the same sector. Here we are going to make external benchmarking it means to compare through the trade association and the industry itself, external also includes comparing through activity. Activities like learn from someone, who is very good in some other business, try to imitate the best from the performer, and looking at the management itself. As a conclusion, above information shows BB managers lacks efficiency on making financial decisions as the calculation does show the considerable results while appraising companys performance. AA subsidiary is almost the public sector company; the company operates on the long term fixed contract. Even AA is not performing up to the expectation. It is reliable on having the contract.BB is losing revenue, because it has got competitive market. Above maid analyses was made by having only the two years (2004, 2005) finance datas and I cant tell if the previous years more or on the contrary less successful and productive. So I cant provide an accurate objective analysis of both subsidiaries AA and BB. But by doing the given 2 years financial calculation, BB subsidiaries are losing their business. References https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/post-audit.html https://people.brunel.ac.uk https://office.microsoft.com/en-us/templates